Black social movements Essay

Race is used by social scientists to refer to distinctions drawn from physical appearance (skin color, eye shape, physiognomy), and ethnicity is used to refer to distinctions based on national origin, language, religion, food, and other cultural markers. â€Å"Race has a quasi-biological status and among psychologists, the use of race terminology is hotly debated In the United States, race is also a socially defined, politically oppressive categorization scheme that individuals must negotiate while creating their identities. † (Frable , 1997, 139) Before the Black Power Phase of the Black Social Movement, blacks displayed a decidedly dualistic worldview. After 1968, a trend toward a black perspective, which is almost as significant as the dualistic frame, becomes apparent. A reactionary, extreme pro white position is seldom advocated: The dualistic, integrationist ethic was perhaps stronger in the past than it is today, although it is probably still the dominant ideology among blacks. Finally, over the past 25+ years, a nationalistic black oriented ideology has become increasingly important in discussions of black affairs. The racial and ethnic identity terms are often used inappropriately in psychology. While black immigrants to the United States may have a racial identity as black, their ethnic identity reflects their country of origin; racial identity is much more likely to be problematic in the United States than ethnic identity. Whether a researcher assesses racial identity, ethnic identity, or some combination may only be clear after reading the Methods section of their report. EVIDENCE OF IDENTITY CHANGE: 1968-PRESENT The Black Social Movement had two phases: (1) the Civil Rights Phase, which lasted from 1954-1967 and (2) the Black Power Phase, which began to take hold from 1965-1967. (See Exhibit 1) 118 or 73% were conducted during the period 1968-1977. Of these, 22 (19%) were Black group oriented, 84 (71%) were personal self-worth related and 12 (10%) applied personal self-worth and Black group oriented measures on the same sample. A significant number of both Black group and personal self-worth studies from this period show blacks with an increased in-group orientation and adequate to above average levels of self-esteem. (Allen et al, pg. 161)The Black Movement has increased the probability that more blacks will superimpose a black orientation upon a greater variety of situations. As a perspective, the extent to which the world view of the mainstream group (Americanism) has been internalized by a Black person is not one of self-rejection as it was in the past. As a result, some 20 years later and as a side product of the mind set change, Hip-hop (music) was created in the mid-seventies as black social movements began to take less noticeable role in the African-American communities and mainstream media, and replaced by electoral politics. â€Å"It has deep sixties cultural and political roots; Gil Scott-Heron and The Last Poets are considered the forebears of rap. But once the institutions that supported radical movements collapsed or turned their attention elsewhere, the seeds of hip- hop were left to germinate in American society at large-fed by its materialism, misogyny and a new, more insidious kind of state violence. † (Ards, 1999, p. 11) This suggests racial motivation impetus more of a political-cultural propensity rather than a psychological trait. All along, even during the racial segregation and Jim Crow, Blacks have consistently had a high sense of personal worth. The Black Movement probably had a less dramatic effect on the personal identity as opposed to the reference group orientation of black people as whole. Blacks have had, and continue to have, a multifaceted reference group orientation that determine behavior depending upon the situation being confronted. BLACK ELITE LIBERAL CONCEPT â€Å"Is this America? Land of the Free and Home of the Brave? † Fannie Lou Hamer’s question still rivets attention, for it is at once radical and conservative, communitarian and individualistic, a plaintive cry and a hardened protest, fiercely American and defiant of America. (Robinson, 1997, p. 179) While not a new paradigm in and of itself (and while certainly reductionist), Cedric J. Robinson, in Black Movement in America, calls for framework forces one to consider social movements. He points out that the very success of black activism during the Civil War would point the way toward future divisions within black political culture. Both free black leaders and the masses of Southern slaves who rebelled against their masters turned a white war into a battle over slavery and racial injustice. (Newman, 1999, 683) Slavery’s destruction, ironically, removed a common focus of protest, and more importantly, enticed certain â€Å"black elites† to accept the â€Å"liberal concept† of changing American political culture by trying to join it and reform it from within. These elite representatives were â€Å"largely irrelevant† in Robinson’s eyes, for the black masses focused on community-building and autonomy (Robinson, 1997, p. 92). The black social movements of the 60’s and 70’s single indicator of common social beliefs may simply be related with other dimensions and intangibles yet to be discovered or even recognized. In brief, due to the impact of during the ten to fifteen year span, black consciousness and awareness had become so pervasive throughout the black population that by the late seventies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  a single item tapping common-fate solidarity was adequate to capture a fully politicized sense of group consciousness. Of course, other changes in the political landscape may also contribute to such a shift. For instance, collective political efficacy among black Americans may have been enhanced by the growing number of black elected officials. † (Bobo & Gilliam 1990) A generation has almost passed since the social activisms of the late 50’s and upheaval turbulent 60s and birth of modern day public black social movement. There are now thousands of black elected and appointed officials throughout the United States. Southern presidents have been elected to the White House since 1976, both of whom received the overwhelming support of the African American electorate. A great deal of literature has been devoted to the position that Black working people and the poor challenged the â€Å"system† by establishing, ad hoc or organized significant black social movements that were rooted simultaneously in a political and social tempest. However, thus knowing that a person has a strong black identity will not inform the listener about the nature of his/her personal identity; however, it gives considerable insight into the person’s value system, political posture, and cultural stance. REFERENCE(S) Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article Title: Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Volume: 48. Page Number: 139+. Angela Ards, 1999, Organizing the Hip-Hop Generation. Magazine Title: The Nation. Volume: 269. Issue: 4. Publication Date: July 26,1999 Page Number: 11. Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York: Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Rich Newman, 1999, Black Movements in America. Journal Title: The Historian. Volume: 61. Issue: 3. Publication Page Number: 683. Walter Recharde Allen, Geraldine Kearse Brookins, Margaret Beale Spencer,1985, Beginnings: The Social and Affective Development of Black Children. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Bobo, Lawrence. 1988 â€Å"Attitudes Toward The Black Political Movement: Trends, Meaning, and Effects on Racial Policy Preferences. † Social Psychology Quarterly 51:287-302. Gilliam, Franklin D. , and Kenny J. Whitby. 1989 . â€Å"Race, Class, and Attitudes Toward Social Welfare Spending: An Ethclass Interpretation. † Social Science Quarterly 70:88-100.

Case Study: Google in China Essay

When Larry Page and Sergy Brin first launched the Internet search engine, Google; they did so with one goal in mind, to provide people searching the internet for information with the fastest, most reliable search engine. Because of their creativity and innovation, Google is one of the largest and most profitable Internet search engines available. With more than 150 domains worldwide, people in almost every country can search the Internet for information about everything from historical facts to current events. Ingrained into the company’s code of ethics is the often quoted phrase â€Å"don’t be evil† (Hill, 2009, p. 148). By this, Google means the company will not compromise their Code of Conduct and will provide searchers with information which is current and not biased or censored in any way. To Google, their Code of Conduct is also about â€Å"doing the right thing† (Google, 2009, para. 1). Because of Google’s Code of Conduct when the company ent ered China, human rights activists had hopes that the citizens of China could search the Internet without the Chinese government censoring the results. The purpose of this paper is to address the following regarding Google’s presence in China, (a) the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges confronting Google, and (b) the various roles the Chinese government plays in Google’s Chinese business operations. In addition, the paper will include a summary of the strategic and operational challenges facing Google managers who are living and working in China.. LEGAL, CULTURAL, AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES In 2000, Google began offering services to the Chinese allowing them the ability to search in their own language. Google did not have an office in China so the service was out of the United States. For approximately two years, the Chinese people could use Google to search for information over the Internet. Then in 2002, the Chinese government blocked access to Google’s website and instead began making searchers use a site approved by the Chinese government. When the government later allowed access to Google, people found certain sites considered politically sensitive were not available. China was blocking sites the government considered subversive. To solve this problem, Google decided to establish an office in China with the goal of providing the Chinese population access to the largest amount of information the company could provide. In essence, Google voluntarily agreed to censor certain results considered subversive by the Chinese government. This created legal and ethical problems of Google being able to live up to the company standards of providing users complete access to all information. Various Roles the Chinese Government Plays In 2010, Google discovered their website had been hacked into. Although the company will not say publically whether or not they think the Chinese government was behind the hacking, they did inform the government they would no longer voluntarily censor their search results. According to Branigan â€Å"Google claimed the cyber-attack originated from China and that its intellectual property was stolen, but that evidence suggested a primary goal was accessing the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists† (Branigan, 2010, para. 14). Google also stated that they found where Gmail accounts of human rights activists living in China, Europe, and the United States were being hacked into by third parties on a routine basis (Branigan, 2010). During February, a statement was released by Secretary of State Clinton concerning the rights of all to have access to the Internet and â€Å"pledging to file a formal State Department protest regarding this month’s alleged Google Chin a censorship and hacking† (Baer, 2010, para. 1). Strategic and Operational Challenges Because of these latest developments, Google found themselves in the position of needing to make some very difficult decisions. The company needed to decide whether or not they should remain in China and agree to the terms of the Chinese government. These terms essentially meant allowing third parties to access and monitor the company’s site and Gmail accounts. However, Google seems to have found a solution for this dilemma by providing searchers with a link to the company’s uncensored Hong Kong website. The Chinese government seems to be in agreement with this solution and is allowing Google to remain in China for now (Horowitz, 2010). CONCLUSION When Google decided to enter the Chinese market, the company did so because they knew how important the Chinese market was for their business. They also realized that China provided an opportunity for the company to grow. However, entering China also resulted in Google being faced with having to make some serious ethical and legal decisions. These decisions include whether Google should continue to censor results on its website or if Google eventually needs to pull out of China. Currently, Google seems to think that giving the Chinese access to some information is better than not granting them access to any information. References Baer, M. (2010). _Cyber attacks & the ethical dimension of the Google China episode_. Retrieved from http://globalcomment.com/2010/cyber-attacks-the-ethical-dimension-of-the-google-china-episode/ Branigan, T. (2010). _Google challenge to China over censorship_. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jan/13/google-china-censorship-battle Google. (2009). _Google Investor Relations Code of Conduct_. Retrieved from http://investor.google.com/corporate/code-of-conduct.html#I Hill, C. W. (2009). _International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace_ (7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin Horowitz, D. (2010). _Google Still in China_. Retrieved from http://www.daniweb.com/news/story295468.html

Take home exam for law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Take home exam for law and ethics - Essay Example The international financial crisis stimulated the G7 to lead to foster international codes of conduct to administer and control the activities of financial corporations and institutions in emerging and developing economies thereby focusing the corporate governance to center stage. As per Okinawa (2000), G8 placed a new stress on accountability and transparency, on fighting tax evasion and money laundering, on creating corporate demeanor to cherish new precedence of human security and on establishing the regulations to design the revolution for information technology. These policy decisions made the corporate governance of core concern to the G8 over a wide policy terrain. (Fratianni, Savona, Kriton 7). The recent global financial crisis and the resulting international economic meltdown are due to inefficient corporate governance procedure and rules. The unprecedented bailouts and financial packages in USA, UK and other nations have eaten away trillion of taxpayers’ money and have yet to stimulate or energize the concerned economy and the capital markets. The general observation is that offering subsidies to distressed companies does not yield any desired results, whereas better corporate governance and accountability should enhance the global economy. It is suggested to prevent recurrences of recent global financial crisis, it is suggested to establish an enforceable and effective global corporate governance guideline and rules to make companies accountable globally to their shareholders. ( Baker & Anderson 596). To a larger extent , the poor corporate governance practices were , if not wholly, accountable for the international financial debacle which was kicked-off by a melt-down of US economy in 2008 and 2009 , particularly in financial and banking sectors. (Plessis et al 308). It is to be observed that UK Combined Code deals

Market Structure and the Role of Government Assignment

Market Structure and the Role of Government - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the term ‘market structures’ refers to a particular social organization which operates between buyers and clients in any given market. Others define market structures as models that govern social organization between clients and businesses in a market. Since the four market structures are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly, the characteristics of these market structures differ. In perfect structure, supply and demand as competitive market forces control prices in the market and output levels of produce rendered by competitive firms. In both perfect and monopolistic competition and structures, there are multiple participants and the commodity of trade is homogenous. Monopolistic competition is an intermediary between the two extremes that characterize monopolistic and competitive markets. Herein, there are several firms each with small proportions of market share and an extent of different iated products. These competitive firms are also price makers. In a monopoly, the product of trade is one, while in an oligopolistic market structure, a number of firms maintain control over the market share. There are neither competitors in a monopolistic market nor close substitutes for the product. In an oligopoly, there is a tendency to compete on non-pricing criteria which include advertising, gift certificates, packaging, and transportation.

To what extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work Essay

To what extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work motivation - Essay Example Competent leaders are able to propel an organization ahead through effective management of resources, maintenance of a favorable working environment as well as employee motivation. This paper evaluates the extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work motivation. It highlights various motivational strategies applied by leaders to generate contentment and competence among employees. Leadership Style and Employee Motivation Bureaucratic leadership is one of the styles that affect employee motivation. The entire organizational processes are accomplished according to the predetermined procedures, and all employees understand their roles in the process. None of them has a right to change any of the steps involved. Decision making is centralized, with no room for employees to apply their judgment in undertaking the tasks. This leadership style lowers employee motivation and hinders inventiveness. The workers suffer from inferiority complex as they feel that the leader is the only person who can make the right decision. The style leads to dissatisfaction of staff due to monotony and rigidity of leadership (Khurana, 2002). In Laissez-Faire leadership style, the leader focuses on maintaining interest among the workers due to the understanding that they need to be enthusiastic about their work for them to relate effectively with clients. The leader generates employee satisfaction through appreciating workers’ contribution to the accomplishment of organizational goals. Employees appreciate being trusted by the leader. They are allowed to complete various tasks on their own, especially in situations where the leader possesses confidence in their competence. Laissez-Faire leadership is a significant factor for an organization’s success since the leader has the capacity to develop strong working teams among the employees. Such leaders encourage flexible work practices such as developing their own work plan and engaging in activities outside the o rganization where they organize meetings with clients without supervision among other aspects of organizational flexibility. This leadership style allows the employees to own the organizational goals (Gemmill and Oakley, 1992). Charismatic leadership is significant in a leader’s ability to motivate employees. Such leaders possess allure and elegance, which are admired by many people. They have self-belief and confidence that are a major factor for success in leading workers to accomplish tasks. The Charismatic Leader gathers followers through personality and charm, rather than any form of external power or authority. As Conger & Kanungo (1998) observe, charismatic leaders are encouraging to their subordinates and try to pay attention to all. They try to make each person to feel important and appreciated. Reynolds (2000) observes that charismatic leaders encourage employees to feel relaxed when airing their views regarding their work. This is an important strategy that helps i n motivating employees to be inventive and has been core to the success of many organizations. A charismatic leader can be placed at level 5 of Jim Collins leadership hierarchy (Collins, 2001). He/she is determined to promote and accomplish his vision while on the other hand remains modest in his relationship with the subordinates. He/she regards his success as the success of the organization. The leader’s self esteem helps in maintaining confidence to utilize emerging

It depends what you choose for report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

It depends what you choose for report - Essay Example It is a market where debt securities are issued and traded, the instruments of bond market include govt issued securities (like saving bonds, treasury bills and notes), and corporate debt securities, (like CDs, municipal bonds, preferred stocks, and zero-coupon securities). It is one of mean that move the savings from saver to the issuers or companies who require capital for their ongoing projects or new expansions, this market is presumed to be a market of fixed return, although it appear complex but it is also driven by same risk and return tradeoff as like in stock market, basically bonds market can be divided into three main groupings i.e. issuer, underwriters, and purchaser. (Levitt) The final player in this market include any group or any other type of investor including the individual , further govt often purchase debt from other countries if they have the excess money of that other country’s money as a result of trade between them e.g. japan is a major holder of U S govt debts. Further it is worthwhile to mention that income from bonds is fixed but there are different risk factors that are attached to a bond market, which may include inflation risk, interest rate risk, duration risk, call risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk. (INSTRUMENTS) This form of lending and borrowing is common in corporate sector where if a company need finance for its operation or expansion projects it lend one of its asset to a financial institutes in order to finance these projects then in return they get loan, and after completion of concerned objective they get relieved there asset after paying back there loan amount. Normally people obtain such type of loan from state owned institutions, where each mortgage has its criteria depending upon the market situation, normally company acquire loans through mortgages where they pledge there asset with a bank or a financial institute in order to obtain loan for their expenses and in that case company have to

Managing and Leading Change_2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing and Leading Change_2 - Assignment Example Furthermore, the article pertains to the organization’s management for meeting complex requirements of the clients as well as the newly purchased ‘Global Advertising Giant Publicis Group SA’. A clear vision along with specific strategy may be required for the successful implementation of the change in processes and the expected result of that change. It is a fact that successful management that leading of change requires the active participation of all the relevant stakeholders (Myatt, 2012). Critical Evaluation The phenomenon of change is highly crucial. Therefore, the ability of managing and leading change is of incredible paramount importance. Keeping in view the fact, the Fallon took various steps to implement change successfully. In this regards, one of the positive initiatives of the organization is to acquire the five page manifesto and this step was taken by the Anne Bologna, planning director of Fallon's Minneapolis office. Moreover, in order to implement the manifesto, the organization has selected high level managers having multiple capabilities and skills. Overall, this scheme follows one (1) of the guidelines for the successful implementation of the change i-e creating urgency and making it feel that the change is going to be implemented. Moreover, the article specifies that the employees of the organization developed an alliance to implement change and this was one of the positive steps undertaken by the organization. Moreover, the Planning Director of the Fallon Worldwide took a step of drafting five (5) pages Manifesto for clearing the vision of the employee. Not only this, there is another guideline for implementing change is to communicate your change vision to all the employees to have their buy in; the same has been done by the employees of the Fallon Worldwide. Therefore, it can be stated that these other positive steps undertaken by the organization (BusinessBalss, 2013). However, on the other hand, there are weak point s as well or it can be said that there are certain other guidelines for implementing and managing change which have not been undertaken by the organization. It is vital to implement the change as soon as possible by creating and giving it high priority, but it has been observed that it took a year to the Fallon Worldwide for understanding the urgency of the matter (Kotter, 2012). Moreover, it is important for a leader (change implementer) to empower his / her subordinates to take extraordinary actions to bring about the desired change. In order to bring about a long term change, it is highly crucial that the leader should focus to attain short term goals. And these short term goals would always facilitate to achieve the long term goals. The Fallon Worldwide organization misses these points while implementing change and these were not only the guidelines which were not followed by the organization. In addition, apart from the article under discussion, there are guidelines for impleme nting change in an organization includes: the leader should never give up and change requires defying against all the odds and constantly motivating people to do the best. A good leader is the one that keeps on increasing the number of tasks so that subordinates keep motivated. Example of the Hotel Implementing Change In order to strengthen the above given analysis, a real story of an organization

The physical access control security Research Paper

The physical access control security - Research Paper Example Acumen Legal service is a firm that deals with consultancy of issues of family and divorce, which are private and confidential As such, information should only be accessed by authorized personnel. The organization has instilled various security measures that restrict physical access to the information, which can be used to harm the clients. The aim of this essay is to describe the physical security measures at the workplace and their weaknesses. The door at the entrance of the building or an office is the key access point. The operator controls the main door and opens it after the guard and the electronic system have checked the entrants to the building. The offices at the workplace have an electronic access control door, which has a standalone electric lock and a reader unlocks it. The readers; a keypad where a code is entered transmits the number of the card to the control panel of access that validates the number against the access list (Fenelly, 2001). The exit door is not controlled but only the entry of the door. The company did away with the closed circuit television (CCTV) and employed the use of automated systems using video to monitor the movement of individuals within and twenty yards around the work area. Review occurs in case an attack occurs and proper action is taken. The shots taken by the camera are usually transmitted on the computer networks (Fenelly, 2001). The shots taken are digitalized and become data, which is easier to store, manage and restrict access, than in the previous format. The people who have authority to access the area in which computers are kept should be restricted. This is because of theft, vandalism and unauthorized access of the workplace and systems. The control access system handles different categories of personnel, each who have different conditions of success in the workplace. They include operators and system users who work in the secure area regularly, engineers and support staffs that need access on occasions and

Sports and Entertainment Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sports and Entertainment Management - Case Study Example Both companies had huge fixed costs to cover and working in their own capacities was proving insufficient to cover those costs. The decision to merge was brilliant as far as the financial performance is concerned. However, there were a myriad of issues to be dealt in this concern which were not easy to negotiate. Firstly, this was an undeniable fact that the two companies had been in a bitter competition over the past few years. There had been a feeling of animosity and it was not easy to get rid of it. Further, their policies and philosophies revolved around the same competition and their efforts had, so far, been largely oriented towards outdoing one another. Therefore, not only is there a need to merge their philosophies, there is also a need to create new philosophies according to which the amalgamated company was to work. However, the key personnel of both companies is mature enough to keep their eyes on the bigger picture. If the merger was the best solution to satisfy their pr ofit motive, they were prepared to go to the full distance. Secondly, Mark Redmond, the president and CEO of the new organization, has to make some big decisions regarding the staff. Redundant staff from both companies is to let go. At the same time, it is to be made sure that some of the staff, which is too essential to lose, is to be retained. It is natural in a merger that some employees prefer not to continue in the merged organization. It is probably because as soon as the news of a merger starts floating around, employees start a job search with more diligence than they normally do. Some of them even succeed in getting better job offers. There are certain employees that groom within a particular company and come to know about the operations of the company inside out. The element of acclimatization is too important to disregard. Such employees are too valuable to lose because new employees may come at the cost of valuable time. Further, it might take some additional cost to tra in the new employees. The merger in question is facing similar issues. They have to retain and integrate the personnel from the different companies. Integration is, of course, not an easy task either. The staffs had traditionally worked against each other and now they have to be harmonized. In this process, there is a great chance of losing momentum and having inconsistent standards. This in turn could have more adverse affects on the relationships with clients and the employees. Further complications arise when it comes to remunerations. While the remunerations at both companies for the respective staff were almost identical, XM Canada also had provisions for share ownership, options and change of control. This difference in the two companies was probably due to the fact that XM Canada was established as an independent company unlike SIRIUS Canada. This means that the remuneration scenario requires some serious decisions to create such a system in which all employees are remunerate d equally. Therefore, it can be seen that there are a lot of difficult things to manage during mergers. The companies in question belong to the field of radio broadcasting in Canada. They had significant differences in how they did their work. Their individual efforts had proved insufficient in the past and this is the primary reason of this merger. For instance, at XM Canada, the communication system was capable to develop the Canadian content for broadcast. On the other hand, SIRIUS Canada depended partly on Slaight Communications, who were also their investors, and partly on Canadian Broadcast Corporation for Canadian content. Further, XM Canada had developed and maintained its own communication and

Facilities Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Facilities Management - Essay Example Sometimes they even go to the coffee shop counter in wet bathing suits. Hospitality refers to the relationship process between a guest and a host. Further, it refers to the act or practice of being hospitable, that is, the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers, with liberality and goodwill. To dispense our generous warm welcome and comfort ability we need adequate infrastructural support that helps to maintain sanitation, hygienist and safety of the precinct. Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality industry jobs for hotels, restaurants, casinos, catering, resorts, clubs and any other service position that deals with tourists. As an Executive Housekeeper, I would like to forward my professional views in the development of the interiors and exteriors of the proposed extensions of the new floors in the resort. As our resort is located in the moderate climate, the weather being sub tropical with warm summer and mild winters it is highly recommended to have wide ventilation in order to receive adequate sunshine in the arcades. Moreover, since most of our customers have keen interests in the aquatic sports in the ocean in the precinct, I recommend cane furniture on the first floor to shelter the guests during winter for recreation. The resort estate has two large swimming pools and the guests practice many water-sports at the nearby oceanfront. As a result, people staying at the resort often go to the front desk and concierge areas dripping water from their wet bath suits. Sometimes they even go to the coffee shop counter in wet bathing suits. In order to meet the adverse effect of the movements of the guest it is highly advisable to have carpet floorings to prevent the floor from moist as well as to prevent the guests to fall victim of accidents to slip on the mosaic floor. FLOORING SPECIFICATION Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Often used to mean parquetry wood flooring, it can also refer to various other materials like carpet or linoleum. structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality to meet with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of functional perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural. Part of the architectural profession as well as some non-architects, responded to Modernism and Postmodernism by going to what they considered the root of the problem in the hotel industry. Accordingly, architecture has never been a personal philosophical or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it had to consider everyday needs of

Investigation on Rates of a Reaction Essay Example for Free

Investigation on Rates of a Reaction Essay We are changing the concentration of the acid solution to see which has a quicker reaction with the metal. To keep it a fair test I will be keeping the following constant:    The length of the magnesium   The volume of the acid The temperature of the solution and the laboratory in which we carry out the experiment I will not be using a catalyst Prediction Based on my scientific knowledge I predict that as the number moles in a solution (unit at which we measure concentration) increases the speed at which the reaction occurs will also therefore the higher the concentration the faster the reaction takes place. In this view by doubling the concentration theoretically the time taken should half. Apparatus Here is a list of equipment that I will be using during this experiment:    25 x test tubes 5 x test tube racks   500 ml x hydrochloric acid (HCl)   160 ml x distilled water   25 cm x magnesium ribbon (mg) 1 x medium beaker   1 x bung   1 x measuring cylinder   1 x scissors   1 x stop watch   1 x pencil, pen (to label the test tubes) and table for results Method Here is an account of how I will be doing the actual experiment (based on the pilot experiment). Collect the test tubes and place them in the racks, cut magnesium ribbon and collect the acid and distilled water, measure out the following:    20 ml of acid (2 moles of acid)   17. 5 ml of acid and 2. 5 ml of D. water (1. 75 moles )   15 ml of acid and 5 ml of D. water (1. 5 moles )   10 ml of acid and 10 ml of D. water (1. 0 moles ) 5 ml of acid and 15 ml of D. water (0. 5 moles ) Prepare each 5 times and pour into test tubes Use one rack per concentration.   Once each is measured place a bung in the starting test tube and shake vigorously to thoroughly mix the solution. Place one piece of magnesium ribbon into the solution and start the stop clock. Stop the clock once the solution has completely finished reacting (no bubbles are being produced) with the magnesium and record.   Repeat this for all 25 test tubes Calculate the average for each set of results Plot this on a graph NB. D. stands for distilled. In order to ensure that this experiment is safe I will be doing the following: Any bags must be placed securely under the desk.   The experiment must be performed in the centre of the table.   I will only add acid to water. We will be wearing safety goggles at all times. Towels and running water will be nearby in case of any acid spills. Ms Pinion will be supervising all of the experiments. Below shows a diagram whilst the experiment is being performed: Results Concentration (moles) Time for try 1 (secs) Time for try 2 (secs) Time for try 3 (secs) Time for try 4 (secs) Time for try 5 (secs) Average time (secs) 0 Analysis. Looking at the graph I can see that as the concentration increases the time taken for the reaction to occur decreases therefore the rate of reaction increases. As I said in my scientific knowledge this occurs because as the concentration increases obviously the number of particles within the solution also increases. With more particles the chances that the HCl molecules will collide with the magnesium molecules and have enough activation energy increases and so the rate of reaction will increase. You could also read the graph another way, as the time taken for the reaction to occur increases the concentration decreases. The reason behind this is that with fewer molecules of HCl in a weaker acid the fewer the chances that the particles will collide with the magnesium molecules and so the rate of reaction decreases. Between the concentrations 0. 5 moles and 1. 0 mole the line was quite steep; there was a rapid decrease in the time taken for the reaction to complete. A possible reason for this could be that 1. 0 moles is double 0. 5 moles and so because there is double the amount of molecules theoretically the time taken at 1 mole should be half of that taken at 0. 5 moles. My prediction was correct because as the concentration increased the time taken for the reaction to occur decreased therefore resulting in a higher rate of reaction. Evaluation Looking at my results I think that they are quite accurate, the graph is a smooth curve joining 4 out of the 5 points, I received one anomalous result. This was for 1. 5 moles, the result I got was 48 seconds when it should have been 32 seconds. A possible reason for the anomaly could be from the following:-   Too little acid was placed in the solution and so the concentration could have been less than originally expected. Human reaction time is always delayed and so the reaction may have stopped seconds earlier.   The equipment I used may not have been accurate enough, for example I used a measuring cylinder when I could have used a burette to measure the acid and the water.   I judged whether the reaction had finished by looking when it had stopped bubbling; obviously this can be difficult to keep accurate as it is not always easy to tell, in a slow reaction for example bubbles can be produced very slowly, if there is a large gap in time when no bubbles are produced I could assume that the reaction had stopped when it hadnt making the reaction unfair. To over come this, instead I could measure the amount of hydrogen produced in a certain amount of time; to do this I would need a gas syringe. I believe that I repeated my results a suitable amount of times to get a reliable average and I think that my range of results was enough to complete the investigation with suitable proof. Yet based on the information above I could say that the data may not be sufficiently accurate to support a conclusion, despite the fact that my results were as I had expected the question arises that if my results had have been more precise would my results have been different. My result didnt follow a specific pattern but they did decrease as I increased the concentration. If I were to develop this investigation further I would almost certainly repeat the experiment taking into account the information above (possible reasons for the anomalie), by doing this I will be able to establish the whether or not the investigation that I performed this time was inaccurate. If I were to explore other areas of this topic I would look at different metals and how they affect the rat of a reaction, different acids and see what effect they have and I would possibly look into one of the aspects of my scientific knowledge.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Essay Example for Free

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Essay As we’ve already learned, â€Å"motivation† entails trying to find out why people act the way they do (Brophy, 1998). Recalling on it, â€Å"motives† are specific forces that strengthen and direct behavior toward solving a problem or realization of a goal (Brophy, 1998). â€Å"Motives† differ from each other according to kind, for instance, hunger, thirst, etc; according to intensity, for instance, more hungry than thirsty; according to origin, for instance, biologically-based as against experience-based (Brophy, 1998). It may also be different in terms of being internal or external and the degree to which a person is aware of them (Brophy, 1998). For instance, employees who go on strike may do so because they adhere to some moral principles or â€Å"instrinsic motivation†; or because they would like to ask for a salary increase or â€Å"extrinsic motivation† (Brophy, 1998). â€Å"Intrinsic motivation† is concerned with motives based on one’s own internal needs and desires while â€Å"extrinsic motivation† involves positive or negative external rewards that affect behavior (Brophy, 1998). Another aspect that may differ the â€Å"extrinsic motivation† and â€Å"intrinsic motivation† is the fact that in â€Å"extrinsic motivation†, â€Å"it focuses people on the reward instead of the action† while this is not the case in â€Å"intrinsic motivation† (Morris et.al. , 2005). That’s why if the rewards are stopped, the action/behavior also will (Morris et. al. , 2005). To compare or contrast â€Å"intrinsic and extrinsic motivation† further, let’s a look at some more examples: When an individual knows that a reward will be given as a consequence of what he or she is about to do, which actually fits the technical definition of â€Å"extrinsic motivation† then he or she is most likely to carry it out (Morris et. al. , 2005). Another example is when an individual does things not because he or she has or needs to but because he or she wants to (Morris et. al. , 2005). The fact that the individual does it and that it is rewarding in itself for the individual then what he or she is doing is the exact definition of the technical term â€Å"intrinsic motivation† (Morris et. al. , 2005). References Brophy, J. (1998). Motivation. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill. Morris, C. G. Maisto, A. A. (2005). Psychology: An Introduction, 12th Ed. New York: Prentice-Hall.

Development of Kindergarten Business

Development of Kindergarten Business 1. Introduction The investigation of the thesis proposal was set up in order to create a business plan with the help of clear and well-thought decisions based on the professional marketing research. The basic idea was open up a kindergarten with the specialty of focusing on the English teaching from the young ages and providing a children-focused environment where the children have higher chances to become more open-minded, creative, quicker learners and successful members of the society. The inquiry of the thesis was based on hypothesizes and the relationships of those issues among each other. Small business owners start up a company  without doing proper analyses, surveys and making a concrete plan. Inevitably, they soon find that they are out of money and  have no time or clear strategies how to market their business.The business plan is aimed at making preparation for setting up enterprise. It has a high importance that the business owners are well prepared, fully informed about the market environment, have a wide understanding of the industry and know they own firms goals with the assumption of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as well that they are able to have the control of their companys position on the market among the other participants. The main requirement of a business plan is that all used information has to be based on real facts. Foggy and muddy data lead us toward dreaming what does not give any secure base of the idea and no any proper strategy can be formulated and implemented, so instead of the successful operation we can play more a gambling. This cannot be an objective of any serious entrepreneur. There are several makeup for a structu re of a plan but every firm has to focus on their specialties and highlight the differences that are unique in their business according to Pinson (2008, p.152). A well prepared, professional leadership philosophy is based on the feasibility of the business idea and provides extraordinary benefits to the company. The study of the research is based on hypothesizes and their relationships. These propositions constitute the basis for this examine. The first is about the financial background that families with income significantly above the average are interesting to find ambitious education and high standard circumstances for their children. The Hungarian Central Statistical Office published the average net monthly earnings of employees in the national economy of the year 2010 was 132,623 Ft. (http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_infra/e_qli018c.html) In the light of this information it can be assumed that families with one or two children where the parents monthly net income reaches the 200,000 Ft each want to consume this service. After understanding the benefits of the school this parents based on their wealth possibilities want to use the offered services. The second states that mothers with higher education what means a bachelor diploma and above are willing to use the most of the services of the SK. These women understand the profit of the diploma and would like to give the youngest members of their family better opportunities, as the children-centered education from the very beginning of their life, what provides those children faster and easier carrying capacities. These abilities what the children can learn in the kindergarten will base the future learning habits and help to reach the knowledge needed to get a diploma much easier as the other children with traditional way of teaching system from their early young ages. The third hypothesis says that mothers with the knowledge of minimum one foreign language want their offspring to start learning a foreign language already from their early young ages and the starting age should not be later then their three years of age. The importance of this statement based on the fact according to Kovà ¡cs and Szamarasz (2006, p.106) that children especially in their early young ages are more affiliated in connection of the second language learning and the period until the fourteenth year are the most effective in that field. As an assumption the basic idea what provided the construction of these hypothesizes was that families with income over the average are ready to separate a budget for taking this service. The explanation of why the further research objectives were focused on mothers abilities and skills is that they are the members of the families usually who are at home with their children in the younger age and they are searching for nursery schools at the first level. The fathers will be involved only after the first selecting level what is done mostly by the mothers. Aware of the information of the hypothesizes acceptation or even rejection the best possible business structure, target market, what means the most essential element of this market, can be chosen. Summarizing these specific information of choosing and researching these hypothesizes provides results what mean strong, real facts and serves as a basis of the business plan and implementing the strategies based on them, leads the school to reach a stabile and successful market present in the field of child education. This matter is important in the long-term planning of the company because by increasing the number of kindergartens and creating a possible franchise system in the future can substitute the state nursery schools. To the examination of these theory issues are several possibilities available what will be listed detailed and discussed in the topic of methodology. The frame structure of the report shows the form of a business plan included the investigation of the speculation with the result of it what provides the statement of the decision making, so that this company can entry the market successfully and reach effective market presence position by its profitable operating in the future. After introducing the kindergarten idea as a whole and the background of the business, a market analyses will be followed by a competition analyses and by a funding strategy. The next part of the exploration focuses on the market research what provides the answers of the above mentioned theorizes. The hypothesis testing gives the results weather the stated theories can be excepted or rejected. At the end process of the inquiry the consequence of the theory researches offer the construction availability of a successful marketing management with the help of a well-thought marketing strategy. In the conclusion the experiences will be summarized and judged by the available evidences, furthermore recommendations designated. 2. Methodology In this chapter several method possibilities will be introduced and presented. First of all the development of a business plan will be discussed. The basic line to follow declares the structure of the assessment. In case a company would like to enter the market all relevant issues has to be analyzed and clarified. The business idea in this particular project is about entering the kindergarten market. 2.1. Market analyses The most important step is to understand the market itself, the field of that market segment with all their advantages and disadvantages. This clear overview leads to be more involved into it and with that precise review the whole transparency is available and then the main direction can be determined. Market analyses gives explanation about the nature of the business. The examination of the historical background, the development of the nursery schools and among them the private kindergarten provides the first base of the assessment. The detailed business issues serve as starting point. 2.2. Competition analyses After understanding the business in what the kindergarten want to entry, a competition analyses follows. The market can be analyzed by internal and external factors as well. The micro environment is directly linked to the company; the macro environment has a direct impact on the firms life. There are several methods for the competition analyses what can be chosen for this assessment. 2.2.1. Porters five forces model There is the potential method to use as Porters five forces model (Porter, 1986, p. 541). It is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter and considers the attractiveness of the market in the industry sector. According to him the opportunities and the threats as external factors should take into consideration at formulating the organizations corporate strategy, furthermore by creating the competitive strategy, these issues should provide the basis and the clear understanding of them. He collected and defined the five issues what exist in every market. â€Å"As the world economy has been engulfed by strong international competition, Porter argued that strategy equates to how the firm competes against other firms in its business. Porter argued that strategy is not just a series of model at the corporate level of strategy. He noted that strategy includes analyzing potential entrants, suppliers, buyers, substitutes, and competitorsâ €  (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997, p. 145) The five forces what influences the industry in Porters theory model are the following: Existing competitive rivalry between suppliers Threat of new market entrants Bargaining power of buyers Power of suppliers Threat of substitute products including technology change Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder is internal threat. These forces are the parts of the micro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. 2.2.2. PEST analyses There is a framework of external factors available called PEST analysis. It covers the abbreviations as Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis used for macro-environmental factors. This method identifies the factors which influences most the company from outside. These factors play the major roles in the organizations long-term life and influence the long-term decision making, what the companies has to take into consideration. Recently two extra aspects has changed the sequence of the models key terms by adding ethics and demographic factors to this strategic tool provided the new terms STEEPLE and STEEPLED. (Curtis, Cobham, 2008, p. 54) STEER analysis considers the regulatory reasons as well. 2.2.3. SWOT analyses With the help of the SWOT analyses the companys environment can be analyzed by the different directives. According to Ferrel and Hartline (2008, p. 119), creating a correct SWOT offers a mechanism for development of the marketing plan. In case the analysis is not reliable and accurate, the time we have spent on is going to be only a waste. It shows the viability of a business on the market and introduces the main points of the company what it focuses on the most. It explains the important pillars of the firm and explores the disadvantages, so necessary tasks can be planned and done in the future to eliminate those problems. The SWOT is created for investors and banks as a part of a business plan that every participant has a clear overview about the business and the chances of return. Based on the fact that it shares information what provides perspectives, this analyses means a fusion of information from many areas. That information consists of four elements as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The first two characteristics are internal and the lasts external factors of the corporation. Strengths: advantageous factors of the business over the other participants of the industry. Weaknesses: the firms disadvantages relative to the other competitors. Opportunities: external chances what provide better possibilities in the market field for the company. Threats: external issues what can afford difficulties for the business. During a well-focused SWOT analyses it is essential to look after every kind of competitors to have the benefits of it. The potency of this analysis lies in its simplicity and no trained skills are crucial what earns money for the firm. As a conclusion of the above mentioned analyses possibilities Porters five forces model will be utilized in this investigation based on the fact that it provides an extensive overview of the whole industry and a comprehensive solution for analyzing the competition situation on the market with the addition of introducing of identification of the direct, indirect competitors. 2.3. Funding The survey was analyzing the market situation, furthermore the system and functioning of the kindergarten business was understood in narrow aspect. It is very important to have a broad overview of the financial possibilities to create a successful participant on the market what represents more efficiency and ensure the organizations competent future by gaining significant profit. This chapter will observe and look after the potentials started from the local level because the goal is to support and strengthen the school, furthermore to get it well-known, popular among the local clients and investors to lead it into a beneficial market situation. The funding will continue with introducing of state provided support options and at last but not at least with European level of promises. A financial plan indicates a one year prediction what includes the summary of the costs started with the set-up cost, expenses of the equipments, and the payments of operating as the salaries. The other side of the forecast contains the sum of revenues and direct financial support of the investors, sponsors and the European Commission. All relevant aspects will be discussed in this section and a designated plan will be compiled for the companys finances. 2.4. Market Research There are several research methods available, but the plan needs to be focused on one or two methods that will yield the results we are seeking. 2.4.1. Quantitative qualitative data There are two ways to collect data for market research as quantitative and qualitative as for example deep interviews and questionnaires according to Chisnall. (2001, p.55) Quantitative data collection is statistical and uses mathematical analysis to measure the research findings. It can inform of significant differences in comparative data, as well as provide more simple analyses such as averages and satisfaction scores. Therefore quantitative data collection requires an adequate sample. It is suitable for deeper problem approach, works with small samples. Qualitative data collection, on the other hand, is used to identify key issues that a business may want to explore in-depth. Although qualitative methods such as focus group discussions dont actually measure the findings statistically but can be used to uncover issues which can be quantified and then measured through quantitative analysis. Therefore qualitative data collection is often used as a basis to design quantitative research. The qualitative research method provides objective results and represented in big samples. There are two generic classification of the information on which research designs depend as primary and secondary data. 2.4.2. Primary secondary data Primary data have to be collected for the first time by either one or a blend of observation, experimentation, questionnaires. Secondary data are existing information that may be useful for the purposes of specific surveys. This may be available internally or externally and has a disadvantage of being not fully useful or perfectly characterized to our case. These data can be collected from the government statistics, public libraries or online, offline market research sources. 2.4.3. Primary data collection methods Observation help to learn the behavior and this can lead for wider understanding of the participants of the market. Ethnography is observing customers using products in their natural environments. Mystery shopping is a form of participant observation. Experimentation is to compare the responses to several alternatives in the marketing mix and to evaluate this information as a guide to management in deciding the most effective method of marketing specific products. Survey research methods are very flexible and can be used for gathering information about consumer knowledge, attitudes, preferences and opinions. Methods of enquiry are the following: Surveys can be completed via face-to-face questionnaires the personal interviewing, mail and telephone or online. Interviews ask and probe respondents to gain detailed responses. Focus groups are moderating a discussion with users. Useful for capturing key concerns and messages. Product clinics and tests having users try products and give feedback There are two main types of question according to Chisnall (2001, p. 138): the open-end questions and the closed questions. Open-ended questions result free responses and are mostly used in the early phase of the study, what affects a general overview of the researched subject. It has the disadvantageous that the answers have to be recorded verbatim by the interviewers, so special training needed to handle this type of questions. The closed questions give limited response. It includes the simple alternative (yes/no) and the multi-choice questions, which has the unfavorable characteristic that it always â€Å"dont know† answers and it decreases the utility of the questionnaire. 2.4.4. Testing, data collecting, report, budget After choosing the method will be used for our survey the data collection will follow. The material should be tested in order to be able to create a relevant and reliable market research report in the future. The pilot work is necessary at the questionnaire scheming in order to receive valid results. Repetition is a useful and efficient tool in order to control the accuracy of the earlier responses. The choosing of the most useful method and the testing can reduce the market research costs and this plays an important role in the research budget planning. 2.4.5. Survey result In this chapter a report will cover the different subjects of the enquiry. Those information mean the base of the hypothesis testing of this appraisal, therefore all relevant data will be introduced and presented. 2.4.6. Findings and analyses This division concentrates on the effects of the survey outcomes what will be discussed. The above mentioned hypothesizes will be tested and as end results, they will be accepted or rejected. Based on the facts a better and safer marketing strategy can be created and implemented into the marketing management process. 2.4.7. Hypothesis testing The hypothesizes, what were laid down at the beginning of the inquiry will be analyzed by comparing them with the facts resulted by the market research, and declared to be false or true. 2.5. Marketing Management The Marketing Management Process consists of analyzing market opportunities, researching and selecting target markets, developing marketing strategies, planning marketing tactics; implementing and controlling the marketing effort. After researching and analyzing the market environment, the strategic management part of the marketing management process will follow. The STP marketing will be used for further analyses with the support of the 8 Ps marketing mix technique what is mostly applied for non-profit organizations. 2.5.1. Marketing Strategy The STP marketing is an important element in developing the marketing strategy and refers to the market segmentation strategy (Segmentation), target market selection (Targeting) and market positioning (Positioning). The main goal of this strategy is defining the facts that on which market the business should operate and what kind of technical solutions should be implemented. Segmentation divides and separates the market into distinctive groups with a focus on those likely to deliver the best return. In his review Dr. Fojtik said (2011) â€Å"Targeting is the process of evaluating segments and focusing marketing efforts on a country, region or group of prospects and customers that has significant potential to respond. It highlights the sector that can be reached most effectively, efficiently and profitably.† Positioning helps to become part of the customers mind by placing the company and the created brand efficient. 2.5.2. The 8P-s marketing mix technique The basic concept of the science of marketing is the 4P-s, or at some places 5 to 9P-s in a wider approach. According to Donovan and Henley (2010, p. 282) this method is very useful. â€Å"Perhaps one of the best known concepts in marketing is the 4Ps, apparently first described by McCarthy (1960). The 4Ps have endured because they provide the four fundamentals of marketing planning and management.† This is widely known as the marketing mix and even though it is relatively an old concept compared to all the modern marketing tools, it is still a very useful, easily applicable and therefore a popular way to market ones business. The name of the concept comes from the starting letter of its core components. The short form of the first one is Product, which is followed by Price, the next one is Place and the last one is Promotion in the basic part of the method. According to Crossley (2010) People relations, Partnerships, Policy changes and Paid marketing form the additional 4 soc ial elements of the 8P-s. This scheme was constructed basically for non-profit organizations but due to the reason the kindergarten is looking for investors, sponsors as a non-profit organization, this procedure can be applied into it. 2.6. Conclusion and recommendation At the end of the investigation a summary will follow with conclusion, recommendations but no new methods will be introduced in that section but judgment of the evidence will be presented. 3. Market analyses As the first step the most important is to analyze the market. After understanding and having a wide overview of the business, the main direction can be determined. 3.1. The historical background The historical background of the development the nursery schools will be inquired. The first kindergarten started in 1828 in Hungary by Terà ©z Brunszvik according to Mà ©szà ¡ros (1968, p. 248). Big number of children visited this institution and mostly the offspring of families in poor financial and social environments. The first reason to collect them was to teach them the rules of etiquette manners, moral and social values besides the general knowledge as mathematic, reading with the help of object lesson tools. The music and singing played a huge role because children can learn easier playfully and to develop the habit of body maintenance is the best way to choose the versification combined with singing. Those schools were operated and financed by members of wealthy, reach families who felt social responsibilities. The kindergarten system was part and the first cornerstone of the public education structure. They operations were regulated by the public education act. To be abl e to place the kindergarten business on the market it is a central question how big is the market. This business is not well covered and because of the rising demand of interest about the new age nursery schools there are a lot of possibilities to create a structure even to establish a franchise system in the future based on the rising stage of dynamism. 3.2. Legal environment 1993rd Act LXXIX. law regulates the public education in Hungary. â€Å"The act extends to the regulation of pre-primary education, school education and teaching, the college of education and learning, as well as on the related administrative and service activities, regardless of the structure and maintenance of the institution.† (http://www.complex.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99300079.TV) It declares all aspects of the procedure and operation detailed. Every child has to attend the kindergarten at least one year long before the primary school age and after they 3rd age, but have the opportunity to enjoy the service the entire time during this period. The operation of the state schools is financed by the government but the in practice the parents has to add direct or indirect support on a monthly level if they would like to secure the acceptable environment for their children. 3.3. What is the kindergarten business? To be able to place the kindergarten business on the market it is a central question how big is the market. There are 44 kindergartens existing and operating in Pà ©cs included all private nursery schools according to the Pà ©cs city official portal. (http://hivatal.pecs.hu/oktatas/ovodak/) According to the regulation from 20 to 25 children can create a school group what means that the kindergarten have to operate closed to those number of occupancy what is a great disadvantage of the state nursery schools against the private schools and it leads the company into a better market situation because it wants to operate with less number of children. This new age nursery school business is not well covered and because of the rising demand of interest about them there are a lot of possibilities to create a successful business and even to establish a franchise system in the future, based on the rising stage of dynamism. The other main issue of the industry is that following the basic educ ational plan and habit, the institutions operating language is Hungarian and the level of foreign language teaching is very low and not focused. The importance of that topic will be explained in the subchapter of 3.4.2. 3.4. Sunshine Kindergarten The presentation the main structure of the nursery school provides a base in understanding the concept as a whole of the Sunshine Kindergarten (SK). The business idea this institution places of interest on foreign language and the importance of nature in the everyday life. The education system teaches the children every subject theoretical and does not pay attention of the well and easy practicability of the topic. In case learning would be part of our life from the early childhood, every issue could be cultivated easily and naturally as how to clean our teeth. The globalization plays a big role today and the world became very small. The education will be available in English and Hungarian languages. The well known English give an advantage for a better and easier prevailing around the Globe. The kindergarten will operate with small and closed group of children with max.15 people in one group educating by intellectual way (no TV) what focuses on environment and nature. The global warming and nature catastrophes warn us to change our life style and show children how important the natural world is and we need to take care of it. On the daily basis it will be two teachers permanently and the subsidiary personal on duty. 3.4.1. Vision Mission Statement The vision statement is that children are our future and they can really save the world. It is constructive to provide them the possibility for experiencing the basic steps of a healthy physical-psychical life what has more understanding on the importance that we are part of the nature and we have to learn how to live in symbiosis with it to achieve a happy and successful adulthood. The second part of the vision is that useful and efficient English language knowledge is feasible for everyone by implementing a correct tools and training ways. Mission Statement The vision can be realized by educate young children by a different way creating a strong basis to be open-minded, to live in symbiosis with the environment and be flexible. At this peer group do not exist yet developed habits, so it seems the easiest way to put into action this knowledge into peoples life without changing any personalities of them. With skilled kindergarten teachers and a well defined schooling program the vision is successful reachable. 3.4.2. Service The main service offered from the SK is the child supervision and training by a different way as usual in the state nursery schools. The quality of the service is always lower there due to the less environmental conditions as old buildings and high number of children put into one group. It is understandable that overloaded nursery schools are not able with every willing of the teachers to concentrate very well to every child personally. Every state institution needs financial support from the parents anyway due to the bad circumstances, so families in better financial situation can offer their children higher quality education from the very beginning. What else makes different this institution is the relationship to the nature and to the English language. Nowadays the environmental pollution plays a big role in our life. In case the inhabitants of the world do not change their mind considered pollution we all know the possible causes of this behavior. The basic idea is to school and show people already in their early childhood the importance of that fact. The best way to protect the environment is to create nature focused behavior to give the chance for adults to create more environmental friendly businesses in the future and think different simply. All offered food is ecological and organic, so all meals in the kindergarten should be prepared from fresh ingredients ordered from the organic food company. The physical training will be a part of the daily routine to get the children used to it. The second issue what need to be taken into consideration was the globalization. Due to this fact distances disappear and cultures come more close to each other. The basic problem is the communication what can be solved by knowing the most useful language what is the English based on the research of George Weber. â€Å"English is the most obvious example of a language on the way up. It has survived the fall of the British Empire without even slowing down, it has now gone beyond being the language of the worlds only remaining superpower (which in the long run would be a liability), becoming the first truly world-wide lingua franca. International English has become independent of any one English-speaking country, even the USA. From, a certain level upwards, in business, sport, politics, science and many other fields, knowledge of English has become not a matter of prestige but of necessity. Also: the level at which this occurs is moving ever downwards. In science and technology the grip of English is complete. With growing computer sophistication it is becoming easier to put even the most awkward languages and script on screen but that does not alter the big picture. The Chinese trader, scientist, manufacturer who wants to talk to his foreign contacts is not helped much by even the most carefu lly presented Chinese characters on his screen. He has to tell his non-Chinese customers in English.† (http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm) The figure shows the significant difference of the most used and important languages. At this point we have to mention the weakness of the Hungarian school system. Subject and languages as well will be taught as an external data without any successful integration that knowledge into the students every day. Our belief is to teach a second language by a natural way from the early years can provide a big advantage by implementing that knowledge effectively in the practice in the everyday life. At this age group our expectations should not be high, the passive language skills will be developed and so a stabile basic for the future improvements. The business idea is b Development of Kindergarten Business Development of Kindergarten Business 1. Introduction The investigation of the thesis proposal was set up in order to create a business plan with the help of clear and well-thought decisions based on the professional marketing research. The basic idea was open up a kindergarten with the specialty of focusing on the English teaching from the young ages and providing a children-focused environment where the children have higher chances to become more open-minded, creative, quicker learners and successful members of the society. The inquiry of the thesis was based on hypothesizes and the relationships of those issues among each other. Small business owners start up a company  without doing proper analyses, surveys and making a concrete plan. Inevitably, they soon find that they are out of money and  have no time or clear strategies how to market their business.The business plan is aimed at making preparation for setting up enterprise. It has a high importance that the business owners are well prepared, fully informed about the market environment, have a wide understanding of the industry and know they own firms goals with the assumption of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as well that they are able to have the control of their companys position on the market among the other participants. The main requirement of a business plan is that all used information has to be based on real facts. Foggy and muddy data lead us toward dreaming what does not give any secure base of the idea and no any proper strategy can be formulated and implemented, so instead of the successful operation we can play more a gambling. This cannot be an objective of any serious entrepreneur. There are several makeup for a structu re of a plan but every firm has to focus on their specialties and highlight the differences that are unique in their business according to Pinson (2008, p.152). A well prepared, professional leadership philosophy is based on the feasibility of the business idea and provides extraordinary benefits to the company. The study of the research is based on hypothesizes and their relationships. These propositions constitute the basis for this examine. The first is about the financial background that families with income significantly above the average are interesting to find ambitious education and high standard circumstances for their children. The Hungarian Central Statistical Office published the average net monthly earnings of employees in the national economy of the year 2010 was 132,623 Ft. (http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_infra/e_qli018c.html) In the light of this information it can be assumed that families with one or two children where the parents monthly net income reaches the 200,000 Ft each want to consume this service. After understanding the benefits of the school this parents based on their wealth possibilities want to use the offered services. The second states that mothers with higher education what means a bachelor diploma and above are willing to use the most of the services of the SK. These women understand the profit of the diploma and would like to give the youngest members of their family better opportunities, as the children-centered education from the very beginning of their life, what provides those children faster and easier carrying capacities. These abilities what the children can learn in the kindergarten will base the future learning habits and help to reach the knowledge needed to get a diploma much easier as the other children with traditional way of teaching system from their early young ages. The third hypothesis says that mothers with the knowledge of minimum one foreign language want their offspring to start learning a foreign language already from their early young ages and the starting age should not be later then their three years of age. The importance of this statement based on the fact according to Kovà ¡cs and Szamarasz (2006, p.106) that children especially in their early young ages are more affiliated in connection of the second language learning and the period until the fourteenth year are the most effective in that field. As an assumption the basic idea what provided the construction of these hypothesizes was that families with income over the average are ready to separate a budget for taking this service. The explanation of why the further research objectives were focused on mothers abilities and skills is that they are the members of the families usually who are at home with their children in the younger age and they are searching for nursery schools at the first level. The fathers will be involved only after the first selecting level what is done mostly by the mothers. Aware of the information of the hypothesizes acceptation or even rejection the best possible business structure, target market, what means the most essential element of this market, can be chosen. Summarizing these specific information of choosing and researching these hypothesizes provides results what mean strong, real facts and serves as a basis of the business plan and implementing the strategies based on them, leads the school to reach a stabile and successful market present in the field of child education. This matter is important in the long-term planning of the company because by increasing the number of kindergartens and creating a possible franchise system in the future can substitute the state nursery schools. To the examination of these theory issues are several possibilities available what will be listed detailed and discussed in the topic of methodology. The frame structure of the report shows the form of a business plan included the investigation of the speculation with the result of it what provides the statement of the decision making, so that this company can entry the market successfully and reach effective market presence position by its profitable operating in the future. After introducing the kindergarten idea as a whole and the background of the business, a market analyses will be followed by a competition analyses and by a funding strategy. The next part of the exploration focuses on the market research what provides the answers of the above mentioned theorizes. The hypothesis testing gives the results weather the stated theories can be excepted or rejected. At the end process of the inquiry the consequence of the theory researches offer the construction availability of a successful marketing management with the help of a well-thought marketing strategy. In the conclusion the experiences will be summarized and judged by the available evidences, furthermore recommendations designated. 2. Methodology In this chapter several method possibilities will be introduced and presented. First of all the development of a business plan will be discussed. The basic line to follow declares the structure of the assessment. In case a company would like to enter the market all relevant issues has to be analyzed and clarified. The business idea in this particular project is about entering the kindergarten market. 2.1. Market analyses The most important step is to understand the market itself, the field of that market segment with all their advantages and disadvantages. This clear overview leads to be more involved into it and with that precise review the whole transparency is available and then the main direction can be determined. Market analyses gives explanation about the nature of the business. The examination of the historical background, the development of the nursery schools and among them the private kindergarten provides the first base of the assessment. The detailed business issues serve as starting point. 2.2. Competition analyses After understanding the business in what the kindergarten want to entry, a competition analyses follows. The market can be analyzed by internal and external factors as well. The micro environment is directly linked to the company; the macro environment has a direct impact on the firms life. There are several methods for the competition analyses what can be chosen for this assessment. 2.2.1. Porters five forces model There is the potential method to use as Porters five forces model (Porter, 1986, p. 541). It is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter and considers the attractiveness of the market in the industry sector. According to him the opportunities and the threats as external factors should take into consideration at formulating the organizations corporate strategy, furthermore by creating the competitive strategy, these issues should provide the basis and the clear understanding of them. He collected and defined the five issues what exist in every market. â€Å"As the world economy has been engulfed by strong international competition, Porter argued that strategy equates to how the firm competes against other firms in its business. Porter argued that strategy is not just a series of model at the corporate level of strategy. He noted that strategy includes analyzing potential entrants, suppliers, buyers, substitutes, and competitorsâ €  (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997, p. 145) The five forces what influences the industry in Porters theory model are the following: Existing competitive rivalry between suppliers Threat of new market entrants Bargaining power of buyers Power of suppliers Threat of substitute products including technology change Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder is internal threat. These forces are the parts of the micro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. 2.2.2. PEST analyses There is a framework of external factors available called PEST analysis. It covers the abbreviations as Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis used for macro-environmental factors. This method identifies the factors which influences most the company from outside. These factors play the major roles in the organizations long-term life and influence the long-term decision making, what the companies has to take into consideration. Recently two extra aspects has changed the sequence of the models key terms by adding ethics and demographic factors to this strategic tool provided the new terms STEEPLE and STEEPLED. (Curtis, Cobham, 2008, p. 54) STEER analysis considers the regulatory reasons as well. 2.2.3. SWOT analyses With the help of the SWOT analyses the companys environment can be analyzed by the different directives. According to Ferrel and Hartline (2008, p. 119), creating a correct SWOT offers a mechanism for development of the marketing plan. In case the analysis is not reliable and accurate, the time we have spent on is going to be only a waste. It shows the viability of a business on the market and introduces the main points of the company what it focuses on the most. It explains the important pillars of the firm and explores the disadvantages, so necessary tasks can be planned and done in the future to eliminate those problems. The SWOT is created for investors and banks as a part of a business plan that every participant has a clear overview about the business and the chances of return. Based on the fact that it shares information what provides perspectives, this analyses means a fusion of information from many areas. That information consists of four elements as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The first two characteristics are internal and the lasts external factors of the corporation. Strengths: advantageous factors of the business over the other participants of the industry. Weaknesses: the firms disadvantages relative to the other competitors. Opportunities: external chances what provide better possibilities in the market field for the company. Threats: external issues what can afford difficulties for the business. During a well-focused SWOT analyses it is essential to look after every kind of competitors to have the benefits of it. The potency of this analysis lies in its simplicity and no trained skills are crucial what earns money for the firm. As a conclusion of the above mentioned analyses possibilities Porters five forces model will be utilized in this investigation based on the fact that it provides an extensive overview of the whole industry and a comprehensive solution for analyzing the competition situation on the market with the addition of introducing of identification of the direct, indirect competitors. 2.3. Funding The survey was analyzing the market situation, furthermore the system and functioning of the kindergarten business was understood in narrow aspect. It is very important to have a broad overview of the financial possibilities to create a successful participant on the market what represents more efficiency and ensure the organizations competent future by gaining significant profit. This chapter will observe and look after the potentials started from the local level because the goal is to support and strengthen the school, furthermore to get it well-known, popular among the local clients and investors to lead it into a beneficial market situation. The funding will continue with introducing of state provided support options and at last but not at least with European level of promises. A financial plan indicates a one year prediction what includes the summary of the costs started with the set-up cost, expenses of the equipments, and the payments of operating as the salaries. The other side of the forecast contains the sum of revenues and direct financial support of the investors, sponsors and the European Commission. All relevant aspects will be discussed in this section and a designated plan will be compiled for the companys finances. 2.4. Market Research There are several research methods available, but the plan needs to be focused on one or two methods that will yield the results we are seeking. 2.4.1. Quantitative qualitative data There are two ways to collect data for market research as quantitative and qualitative as for example deep interviews and questionnaires according to Chisnall. (2001, p.55) Quantitative data collection is statistical and uses mathematical analysis to measure the research findings. It can inform of significant differences in comparative data, as well as provide more simple analyses such as averages and satisfaction scores. Therefore quantitative data collection requires an adequate sample. It is suitable for deeper problem approach, works with small samples. Qualitative data collection, on the other hand, is used to identify key issues that a business may want to explore in-depth. Although qualitative methods such as focus group discussions dont actually measure the findings statistically but can be used to uncover issues which can be quantified and then measured through quantitative analysis. Therefore qualitative data collection is often used as a basis to design quantitative research. The qualitative research method provides objective results and represented in big samples. There are two generic classification of the information on which research designs depend as primary and secondary data. 2.4.2. Primary secondary data Primary data have to be collected for the first time by either one or a blend of observation, experimentation, questionnaires. Secondary data are existing information that may be useful for the purposes of specific surveys. This may be available internally or externally and has a disadvantage of being not fully useful or perfectly characterized to our case. These data can be collected from the government statistics, public libraries or online, offline market research sources. 2.4.3. Primary data collection methods Observation help to learn the behavior and this can lead for wider understanding of the participants of the market. Ethnography is observing customers using products in their natural environments. Mystery shopping is a form of participant observation. Experimentation is to compare the responses to several alternatives in the marketing mix and to evaluate this information as a guide to management in deciding the most effective method of marketing specific products. Survey research methods are very flexible and can be used for gathering information about consumer knowledge, attitudes, preferences and opinions. Methods of enquiry are the following: Surveys can be completed via face-to-face questionnaires the personal interviewing, mail and telephone or online. Interviews ask and probe respondents to gain detailed responses. Focus groups are moderating a discussion with users. Useful for capturing key concerns and messages. Product clinics and tests having users try products and give feedback There are two main types of question according to Chisnall (2001, p. 138): the open-end questions and the closed questions. Open-ended questions result free responses and are mostly used in the early phase of the study, what affects a general overview of the researched subject. It has the disadvantageous that the answers have to be recorded verbatim by the interviewers, so special training needed to handle this type of questions. The closed questions give limited response. It includes the simple alternative (yes/no) and the multi-choice questions, which has the unfavorable characteristic that it always â€Å"dont know† answers and it decreases the utility of the questionnaire. 2.4.4. Testing, data collecting, report, budget After choosing the method will be used for our survey the data collection will follow. The material should be tested in order to be able to create a relevant and reliable market research report in the future. The pilot work is necessary at the questionnaire scheming in order to receive valid results. Repetition is a useful and efficient tool in order to control the accuracy of the earlier responses. The choosing of the most useful method and the testing can reduce the market research costs and this plays an important role in the research budget planning. 2.4.5. Survey result In this chapter a report will cover the different subjects of the enquiry. Those information mean the base of the hypothesis testing of this appraisal, therefore all relevant data will be introduced and presented. 2.4.6. Findings and analyses This division concentrates on the effects of the survey outcomes what will be discussed. The above mentioned hypothesizes will be tested and as end results, they will be accepted or rejected. Based on the facts a better and safer marketing strategy can be created and implemented into the marketing management process. 2.4.7. Hypothesis testing The hypothesizes, what were laid down at the beginning of the inquiry will be analyzed by comparing them with the facts resulted by the market research, and declared to be false or true. 2.5. Marketing Management The Marketing Management Process consists of analyzing market opportunities, researching and selecting target markets, developing marketing strategies, planning marketing tactics; implementing and controlling the marketing effort. After researching and analyzing the market environment, the strategic management part of the marketing management process will follow. The STP marketing will be used for further analyses with the support of the 8 Ps marketing mix technique what is mostly applied for non-profit organizations. 2.5.1. Marketing Strategy The STP marketing is an important element in developing the marketing strategy and refers to the market segmentation strategy (Segmentation), target market selection (Targeting) and market positioning (Positioning). The main goal of this strategy is defining the facts that on which market the business should operate and what kind of technical solutions should be implemented. Segmentation divides and separates the market into distinctive groups with a focus on those likely to deliver the best return. In his review Dr. Fojtik said (2011) â€Å"Targeting is the process of evaluating segments and focusing marketing efforts on a country, region or group of prospects and customers that has significant potential to respond. It highlights the sector that can be reached most effectively, efficiently and profitably.† Positioning helps to become part of the customers mind by placing the company and the created brand efficient. 2.5.2. The 8P-s marketing mix technique The basic concept of the science of marketing is the 4P-s, or at some places 5 to 9P-s in a wider approach. According to Donovan and Henley (2010, p. 282) this method is very useful. â€Å"Perhaps one of the best known concepts in marketing is the 4Ps, apparently first described by McCarthy (1960). The 4Ps have endured because they provide the four fundamentals of marketing planning and management.† This is widely known as the marketing mix and even though it is relatively an old concept compared to all the modern marketing tools, it is still a very useful, easily applicable and therefore a popular way to market ones business. The name of the concept comes from the starting letter of its core components. The short form of the first one is Product, which is followed by Price, the next one is Place and the last one is Promotion in the basic part of the method. According to Crossley (2010) People relations, Partnerships, Policy changes and Paid marketing form the additional 4 soc ial elements of the 8P-s. This scheme was constructed basically for non-profit organizations but due to the reason the kindergarten is looking for investors, sponsors as a non-profit organization, this procedure can be applied into it. 2.6. Conclusion and recommendation At the end of the investigation a summary will follow with conclusion, recommendations but no new methods will be introduced in that section but judgment of the evidence will be presented. 3. Market analyses As the first step the most important is to analyze the market. After understanding and having a wide overview of the business, the main direction can be determined. 3.1. The historical background The historical background of the development the nursery schools will be inquired. The first kindergarten started in 1828 in Hungary by Terà ©z Brunszvik according to Mà ©szà ¡ros (1968, p. 248). Big number of children visited this institution and mostly the offspring of families in poor financial and social environments. The first reason to collect them was to teach them the rules of etiquette manners, moral and social values besides the general knowledge as mathematic, reading with the help of object lesson tools. The music and singing played a huge role because children can learn easier playfully and to develop the habit of body maintenance is the best way to choose the versification combined with singing. Those schools were operated and financed by members of wealthy, reach families who felt social responsibilities. The kindergarten system was part and the first cornerstone of the public education structure. They operations were regulated by the public education act. To be abl e to place the kindergarten business on the market it is a central question how big is the market. This business is not well covered and because of the rising demand of interest about the new age nursery schools there are a lot of possibilities to create a structure even to establish a franchise system in the future based on the rising stage of dynamism. 3.2. Legal environment 1993rd Act LXXIX. law regulates the public education in Hungary. â€Å"The act extends to the regulation of pre-primary education, school education and teaching, the college of education and learning, as well as on the related administrative and service activities, regardless of the structure and maintenance of the institution.† (http://www.complex.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99300079.TV) It declares all aspects of the procedure and operation detailed. Every child has to attend the kindergarten at least one year long before the primary school age and after they 3rd age, but have the opportunity to enjoy the service the entire time during this period. The operation of the state schools is financed by the government but the in practice the parents has to add direct or indirect support on a monthly level if they would like to secure the acceptable environment for their children. 3.3. What is the kindergarten business? To be able to place the kindergarten business on the market it is a central question how big is the market. There are 44 kindergartens existing and operating in Pà ©cs included all private nursery schools according to the Pà ©cs city official portal. (http://hivatal.pecs.hu/oktatas/ovodak/) According to the regulation from 20 to 25 children can create a school group what means that the kindergarten have to operate closed to those number of occupancy what is a great disadvantage of the state nursery schools against the private schools and it leads the company into a better market situation because it wants to operate with less number of children. This new age nursery school business is not well covered and because of the rising demand of interest about them there are a lot of possibilities to create a successful business and even to establish a franchise system in the future, based on the rising stage of dynamism. The other main issue of the industry is that following the basic educ ational plan and habit, the institutions operating language is Hungarian and the level of foreign language teaching is very low and not focused. The importance of that topic will be explained in the subchapter of 3.4.2. 3.4. Sunshine Kindergarten The presentation the main structure of the nursery school provides a base in understanding the concept as a whole of the Sunshine Kindergarten (SK). The business idea this institution places of interest on foreign language and the importance of nature in the everyday life. The education system teaches the children every subject theoretical and does not pay attention of the well and easy practicability of the topic. In case learning would be part of our life from the early childhood, every issue could be cultivated easily and naturally as how to clean our teeth. The globalization plays a big role today and the world became very small. The education will be available in English and Hungarian languages. The well known English give an advantage for a better and easier prevailing around the Globe. The kindergarten will operate with small and closed group of children with max.15 people in one group educating by intellectual way (no TV) what focuses on environment and nature. The global warming and nature catastrophes warn us to change our life style and show children how important the natural world is and we need to take care of it. On the daily basis it will be two teachers permanently and the subsidiary personal on duty. 3.4.1. Vision Mission Statement The vision statement is that children are our future and they can really save the world. It is constructive to provide them the possibility for experiencing the basic steps of a healthy physical-psychical life what has more understanding on the importance that we are part of the nature and we have to learn how to live in symbiosis with it to achieve a happy and successful adulthood. The second part of the vision is that useful and efficient English language knowledge is feasible for everyone by implementing a correct tools and training ways. Mission Statement The vision can be realized by educate young children by a different way creating a strong basis to be open-minded, to live in symbiosis with the environment and be flexible. At this peer group do not exist yet developed habits, so it seems the easiest way to put into action this knowledge into peoples life without changing any personalities of them. With skilled kindergarten teachers and a well defined schooling program the vision is successful reachable. 3.4.2. Service The main service offered from the SK is the child supervision and training by a different way as usual in the state nursery schools. The quality of the service is always lower there due to the less environmental conditions as old buildings and high number of children put into one group. It is understandable that overloaded nursery schools are not able with every willing of the teachers to concentrate very well to every child personally. Every state institution needs financial support from the parents anyway due to the bad circumstances, so families in better financial situation can offer their children higher quality education from the very beginning. What else makes different this institution is the relationship to the nature and to the English language. Nowadays the environmental pollution plays a big role in our life. In case the inhabitants of the world do not change their mind considered pollution we all know the possible causes of this behavior. The basic idea is to school and show people already in their early childhood the importance of that fact. The best way to protect the environment is to create nature focused behavior to give the chance for adults to create more environmental friendly businesses in the future and think different simply. All offered food is ecological and organic, so all meals in the kindergarten should be prepared from fresh ingredients ordered from the organic food company. The physical training will be a part of the daily routine to get the children used to it. The second issue what need to be taken into consideration was the globalization. Due to this fact distances disappear and cultures come more close to each other. The basic problem is the communication what can be solved by knowing the most useful language what is the English based on the research of George Weber. â€Å"English is the most obvious example of a language on the way up. It has survived the fall of the British Empire without even slowing down, it has now gone beyond being the language of the worlds only remaining superpower (which in the long run would be a liability), becoming the first truly world-wide lingua franca. International English has become independent of any one English-speaking country, even the USA. From, a certain level upwards, in business, sport, politics, science and many other fields, knowledge of English has become not a matter of prestige but of necessity. Also: the level at which this occurs is moving ever downwards. In science and technology the grip of English is complete. With growing computer sophistication it is becoming easier to put even the most awkward languages and script on screen but that does not alter the big picture. The Chinese trader, scientist, manufacturer who wants to talk to his foreign contacts is not helped much by even the most carefu lly presented Chinese characters on his screen. He has to tell his non-Chinese customers in English.† (http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm) The figure shows the significant difference of the most used and important languages. At this point we have to mention the weakness of the Hungarian school system. Subject and languages as well will be taught as an external data without any successful integration that knowledge into the students every day. Our belief is to teach a second language by a natural way from the early years can provide a big advantage by implementing that knowledge effectively in the practice in the everyday life. At this age group our expectations should not be high, the passive language skills will be developed and so a stabile basic for the future improvements. The business idea is b