The Importance Of Strategic Quality Management And...

QUALITY MANGMENT IN HEALTH DEVISION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Research for Senior Managers Haleema Sadia ATHE ID : 9740 Finance and Technology Institute of London(FATIL) FIN/000273 Postgraduate Diploma in Strategic Management (Level7) [May, 2015] A STUDY OF QUALITY MANGMENT IN HEALTH DEVISION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Incase of Pakistan and India (How Administrations of both States can utilize strategic tools for Economic Development) Abstract: Purpose- the real intention of this research is to explore and identify the dilemmas, factors and issues in south East Asian countries (Pakistan and India), which affect their population’s overall health and cause real obstacles to economic development. This research will also focus on existence of strategic planning tools like quality management in state’s economic policy. Another focus of this paper is to emphasize on how Administration/Government can utilize their human capital to enhance their available natural sources. This study will explore that Strategic Quality management’s contribution towards economic expansion, which provide analytical outlook of their internal capabilities and external prospects. This research will also spotlight on economical, political and socio cultural issues, which are making distraction and building a gap between path of success and sustainable growth. Design/methodology-this paper explains secondary resources like literature review, theories and some websitesShow MoreRelatedOverview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia.655 Words   |  3 Pagesrenewable energy approved by the Sustainability Energy Development Authority and its represent a total 466% year-on-year growth. The increase of the renewable energy represent years of planning and execution by relevant authorities to regulate and draft policies that suits Malaysian environment. As sustainable industry and climate change are interrelated, often the regulation and policies are overlapped. The Malaysian governement acknowledge the importance of government’s role in reducing climate changeRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : Marks And Spencer1208 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness environment is facing a rapid change that reminds the business management to focus on its core competencies to survive and sustain in the competitive environment. The core competencies can be developed by strategic human resource management. According to Armstrong (2006) employees are the valued assets for a company. The strategic human resource management is mainly developed in accordance to the fact that human resources need to be managed strategically for the company to enjoy sustainableRead MorePurchasing Function : An Organization1612 Words   |  7 Pagesmost timely and cost effective manner.† Strategic purchasing includes ‘the ways in which the buying organization interacts with the supply market’. It takes into account both the current and future organi zational aspirations. Organizations need to make careful consideration before finalizing on what suppliers’ goods or service the organization is interested in purchasing. The suppliers need to be approved and appraised at the product level, process level, quality assurance system level and organizationalRead MoreImplementing Project Management Activities Across The Organization Essay910 Words   |  4 Pages Pinellas County Economic Development The Pinellas County Economic Development Department (PCED) oversees the economic development initiatives in Pinellas County. Implementing project management activities across the organization helps PCED create a strategic value chain that ensures a successful delivery, particularly in projects that carry a high level of risks. I. Initiation Project initiation is the first stage of a project. The idea of the project is established and examined for effectivenessRead MoreNikes Long Term Financial Goals938 Words   |  4 PagesHow important is it for the financial managers of Nike Inc. to use economic variables in identifying long term financial goals? For Nikes business model to continually flourish and stay profitable, the senior management team and strategic planners must continually monitor short, intermediate and long-term economic factors that will affect their operations. Nikes business model is heavily dependent on supply chains, as the majority of their products are manufactured in Asian nations, either inRead MoreThe Long Term Performance Of A Company1558 Words   |  7 Pagesand actions taken by the highest level of the organization to achieve the performance targets. In this context, the strategic management is defined, therefore, as that set of decisions and actions taken by management to assess the long term performance of a company. The world of organizations in the past few years is turning more and more attention to human resources, since the quality and skills of the latter are a real competitive advantage for companies operating in all sectors. In the last decadeRead MoreStrategic Management : The General Environment And The Competitive Environment1223 Words   |  5 Pagessemester we learn the importance of strategic management in business. The textbook defines strategic management as â€Å"consisting of the analyses, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes to create and sustain competitive advantages†. Strategic Management is divided into three segments; strategic analysis, strategic formulation and strategic implementation. We learnt that businesses outperforms one another in the competitive marketplace and this is central to strategic management. We learned conceptsRead MoreExamining Organizational Development and Business Strategy: Case Study of Skoda1021 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizational development and business strategy based on a case study of Skoda Company. The article begins with an evaluation of existing definitions of organizational development and a personal definition of this concept. This is followed by an evaluation of one of the strengths of Skoda Company and how the company can benefit from this strength. The importance of organizational development in light of SWOT analysis and strategic planning is also discussed. Keywords: organizational development, SkodaRead MoreHuman Resource Practices And Job Satisfaction Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Strategic human resource management is a method to dealing human resources that supplies long-term organizational goal and results with a strategic structure. Strategic human resource management is effect with various external aspects. External factors include economic, legal, demographic, cultural, political and technological factors. All these stated factors have changed the HR practices with the channel of time and now HR practices have become more capable in conveying the valueRead MoreThe International Business Field And The Entrepreneurship Field940 Words   |  4 Pages Entrepreneurial management is the system of taking entrepreneurial knowledge and exploiting it for growing the effectiveness of new business venturing as well as small and medium size businesses. There are studies that think of international entrepreneurship as more of a common marvel than young ventures entering international markets and slight interest is dedicated to the entrepreneurial behavior of organizations once they first enter into international markets. There is

Looking for Alaska Book Report - 803 Words

Looking for Alaska Looking for Alaska is a novel by John Green and is about a young man named Miles Halters. The book is set in Alabama at the boarding school, Culver Creek High School. Miles loves memorizing the last words of famous people and is looking to seek his â€Å"Great Perhaps† in his life. After moving into his dorm Miles meets Chip, or also known as The Colonel. The two moves the Colonels’ furniture into the boys’ dorm. Soon after Miles gets the nickname, Pudge, just to be ironic since he is tall and skinny. The two boys’ go to meet Colonels long time friend Alaska Young , and Pudge is instantly taken aback by Alaskas beautiful. The three go out by the lake and smoke since it is against school rules to smoke in the dorms and the†¦show more content†¦The night she died she was on her way to her grave. The novel ends with the group of friends remembering Alaska and putting her to rest. She always wanted to make up the â€Å"best prankâ €  Culver Creek has ever seen. Pudge, Colonel, Takumi, and Lara did that for their friend by hiring a stripper to do a speech at a function at school. After getting past the grief of losing the love her never had, Pudge writes about her saying she will always live on in his and his friends memoryShow MoreRelatedLooking for Alaska - Miles Eulogy931 Words   |  4 PagesLooking For Alaska Book Report – Eulogy Hello everyone. I would like to thank you all for coming to honor our friend, Alaska Young. I am Miles Halter, known to most as Pudge. I transferred to Culver Creek Boarding School from Florida to ‘seek a Great Perhaps’, to leave behind the insignificant things I was doing, to seek something that was perhaps greater. I collect people’s dying words and â€Å"I go to seek a Great Perhaps†, were the last words of Francois Rabelais, but unlike him, I did notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Pudge 1717 Words   |  7 Pageshe is. He is introduced to the Colonel s friends; Takumi Hikohito, Lara Buterskaya, and the breathtaking Alaska Young. Pudge grows closer to his new friends as they go through experiences such as pranks, school, basketball games, smoking and drinking. Pudge learns the most important part of these friendships is trust. He grows closest to the Colonel, and develops a mad crush on Alaska. Alaska is wild and unpredictable, but also intelligent and affectionate; this makes her alluring to the curiousRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 Pagescharacterized by cautious and withdrawn juveniles. Much like the Millennials, the Silent Generation was plagued by complications from a terrible economy and war. Regardless, multiple reports suggest that the Silent Generation was the happiest generation in American history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generations and their unique American experiences. The two novel sRead MoreAn Analysis of Looking for Alaska by John Green2904 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Looking for Alaska is a book about a boy named Miles that goes away to a private school called Culver Creek were he meets a group of friends that he starts to hang out with throughout the year. He becomes very good friends with everyone and they begin to let him in on their secret spot called the smoking hole, where they all smoke their cigarettes without getting in trouble. Soon he starts to get a crush on a girl named Alaska, which seems to already have a boyfriend. As soon as Miles starts toRead MoreAnalysis Of John Green s Life2198 Words   |  9 PagesNew York Times best selling books and two major motion pictures. Some of Green’s work includes Looking for Alaska, The Fault in our Stars, Paper Towns, and Abundances of Katharine’s. John Green is one of the greatest young adult authors, vloggers, producers, and actors of our time. John Green was born on August 24, 1977 to Mike and Sydney Green in Indianapolis, Indiana. His family and him also spent a lot of their time in Florida, where most of the characters in his books came from. Green attendedRead MoreThe Indigenous People of Alaska2813 Words   |  11 PagesAlaska is different. When compared to the contiguous United States of America the differences are pronounced and occur in almost all aspects of life. The differences even extend to the original inhabitants, to the way they survived, treaties with the United States government, current way of life, and education. An overview of the historical approach to education as well as the current changes will hopefully provide insight into what works and what does not work in educational settings in rural AlaskaRead MoreChris McCandless is a Tragic Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesIf you attempted to talk him out of something, he wouldn’t argue. He would just nod politely and then do exactly what he wantedâ⠂¬  (Krakauer 182). Chris did exactly as Carine stated he would when someone tried to stop his trip to Alaska. Chris understood what the trip to Alaska would entail but decided to continue anyway. He was confident in his abilities and constantly felt the need to challenge those abilities. According to Jon Krakauer, â€Å"He had a need to test himself in ways, as he was fond of sayingRead MoreJohn green Essay example6063 Words   |  25 Pagesvideos. He won the 2006  Printz Award  for his debut novel,  Looking for Alaska,  and reached number one on a  New York Times Best Seller list  with  The Fault in Our Stars  in January 2012. Green was born in Indianapolis to Mike and Sydney Green  and his family moved three weeks after he was born  to  Orlando, Florida.  He attended Lake Highland Preparatory School  and  Indian Springs School  (which he later used as the main setting for  Looking for Alaska),  a boarding and day school outside of  Birmingham, Alabama  andRead MoreCase Analysis : Tax Evasion1143 Words   |  5 Pageshusband commits tax evasion and obstruct the Internal Revenue Service audit. I looked through some tax laws using the book South-Western federal taxation and applied to the case. In this case, we learned that it is not difficult to deceive personal expenses as business expenses. It is the responsibility of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit to identify and correctly report these expenses and revenues correctly, as well as the taxpayers to prove the appropriate documents. The issue is thatRead MoreShining A Light On Eyewitnesses1617 Words   |  7 Pagespsychol ogical factors, including memory. When it comes to memory many think that it is like a tape recording that we can pluck from our brain whenever we need to. Memories are not exact recordings of an event. Siri Carpenter and Karen Huffman in their book Visualizing Psychology explain that â€Å"[M]emory is a constructive process through which we actively organize and shape information as it is being processed, stored, and retrieved† (176). This may often lead to biases and errors. The three stages that

Arthur Miller s Focus On The World War - 1043 Words

Arthur Miller’s Focus (1945) is a revolutionary work that highlights racism, especially anti-Semitism, in America. Written during the last year of the Second World War, Focus is a groundbreaking work in every sense of the word inasmuch as it is the first literary work that deals directly with anti-Semitism in the United States. Statistically speaking, there were two main waves of Jewish immigrants to the United States between 1820 and 1920. According to Susan Haberle, â€Å"the first group of Jewish people came from Germany, Austria, and Hungary. These immigrant left to seek a better life† (Haberle 6). The second group was the biggest wave; they came between 1880 and 1920: â€Å"these immigrants came from Poland, Romania, Russia, and other eastern†¦show more content†¦When the story opens, Lawrence Newman can scarcely see without glasses. The glasses he is obliged to wear serves a double function, restoring his sight and opening his eyes to the mistreatment of his Jewish neighbors. Because the glasses cause people to mistake Newman for a Jew, he is forced to walk a mile in the shoes of his â€Å"fellow† Jews. Consequently, Newman’s eyes are opened and he is able to discern in the face of Finkelstein the voice of God. God speaks to Newman, as Emmanuel Là ©vinas (1906-1995) would have it, saying, â€Å"Thou shalt not murder† (89)—with all that, that implies. The key point in the novel is the proper ethical behavior towards the Other, which is most powerfully manifested in Mr. Finkelstein. Miller uses him to show the suffering of Jews and the existence of anti-Semitism in America. Mr. Finkelstein, who works in his candy store in a Christian neighborhood in a Brooklyn Navy Yard, suffers a lot from threats and attacks intended to force him from the neighborhood. Actually, Mr. Finkelstein serves as a sort of Jewish Everyman, his experiences mirroring that of many thousands of American Jews. Despite his sufferings, he willingly puts his life at risk by coming to Newman’s rescue after the latter is attacked by thugs while returning home from the movies. Newman’s new pair of glasses causes him to be mistaken forShow MoreRelatedA Detailed Analysis of Death of a Salesman1199 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess on to his two sons becomes his main focus. Miller’s life during the preparation of Death of a Salesman provides the spark and inspiration needed to pen a literary classic. Almost five decades later, Death of a Salesman’s themes is still relevant in today’s society. Arthur Asher Miller was born October 17, 1915 in Harlem, New York City. Miller was the son of Isadora and Augustus Miller, Polish Jewish immigrants who settled in Harlem in the early 1900’s. Arthur’s father owned a successful women’sRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1537 Words   |  7 Pagesopinions, which is why the American Dream isn’t one set notion. But does the American Dream have influences? Do people or idea’s influence the American Dream? The answer is yes. Media. As history progressed, technology and media revolutionized the world. The media has transformed the way people view society-everything we want, need, and see is persuaded through media. Which is why media influences the representation of the American Dream. THIS IS WHERE I NEED TO ADD MY THESIS. Now, what’s my â€Å"AmericanRead MoreArthur Miller s Psychological And Social Magnitude Of His Characters1657 Words   |  7 Pagessee, we are doomed and challenged to seek the strength to see more, not less.†- Arthur Miller B. As a serious essayist and playwright who believed in the ability dramas had in bringing about change, Arthur Miller investigated the psychological and social magnitude of his characters. His plays attempted to go beyond trouble-free pieces in order to give an insight and deal in depth with ethical and moral issues. Miller was interested in how common people could live in harmony with others without surrenderingRead MoreEssay about Arthur Miller1626 Words   |  7 PagesTheater Appreciation ARTHUR MILLER Of the list of American playwrights the one I thought I would find most interesting is Arthur Miller. Being relatively familiar with some of his work I wanted to learn more about him. Through the research I have done I have been able to find some very interesting information about Millers work as well as his personal life. Arthur Miller was born in New York on October 17, 1915. His father, Isidore Miller, was a ladies-wear manufacturer and shopkeeper whoseRead MoreThe Hands Of An Angry God1627 Words   |  7 Pagesgruesome hysteria. â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, written by Jonathan Edwards in the mid-1700’s, is a sermon directed to a Puritan congregation urging with orthodox fervor for transgressors to repent. Arthur Miller wrote the allegorical play The Crucible in 1953, lively portraying the hysteria occurring during the Salem Witch Trials in an effort to describe his perceptions of the post-war climate of McCarthyism and the sheer terror of Communism. In the pulpit oratory â€Å"Sinner in the Hands ofRead MoreFilm Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace1505 Words   |  7 Pageshis groundbreaking role as Qui Gon Jinn in the 2002 hit movie Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, Liam Neeson is quoted as saying, â€Å"Your focus determines your reality.† I n the context of Salem, Massachusetts, this means that if one focuses on witches and witchcraft, their reality will then become witches and witchcraft. This is exactly what happened during the Salem Witch Trials during the late 1690’s, as immortalized in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. The small Puritan colony became so engrossedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1611 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead More The Crucible - Was The Mass Hysteria Necessary? Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagesby Authur Miller investigates the effects of hysteria, superstitions and repression on the Salem Community in the late 1600’s. Author Miller, 1915- was born in New York City and graduated from Abraham High School in Brooklyn, New York. Miller later went on to graduate school at the University of Michigan, 1938, where he received a prize for his play write. After college Miller joined the United States Army and fought in World War II. Miller also went through the great depression. Arthur Miller’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words   |  7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead More The Dangers of Shirking Responsibility in Arthur Millers All My Sons 967 Words   |  4 PagesDangers of Shirking Responsibility  in Arthur Millers All My Sons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Arthur Millers All My Sons is a well-made play in every sense of that term. It not only is carefully and logically constructed, but   addresses its themes fully and effectively. The play communicates different ideas on war, materialism, family, and honesty. However, the main focus, especially at the plays climax, is the issue of personal responsibility. In particular, Miller demonstrates the dangers of shirking responsibility

Gang Leader For A Day A Rogue Sociologist - 1589 Words

Having read the book Gang Leader for a Day: a rogue sociologist takes to the streets by Venkatesh (2008), based on my childhood education (formal and informal), life circumstances, personal and professional life experiences, I perceive JT to be a lawbreaker. Moreover, based on how our society informally defines a criminal or lawbreaker, JT is clearly someone who does not or will not conform with our collective legal standards or requirements based on the majority opinion of the wider public. However, in contrast to this majority opinion, based on an article by Ballmann (2008) pertaining to the laws that define food culture, we find that based on these rules or laws of food etiquette in the unbuilt libraries of unpublished books of unwritten rules, there are perhaps volumes of materials regarding the legal conflict. For example, some may have to do with table manners, which can and do vary drastically from family to family and culture to culture, so much so that what is considered pol ite or appropriate at one table is the opposite at the next table within the same venue. Based on our collective culture within the United States and Ballman’s (2008) individual subcultural experiences within Southern California, she also finds that women are under the subjection, in her region of the country, that they are never quite good enough. She perceives that in order to be a woman and to be accepted into the local sisterhood, that a woman must always be discontented with herselfShow MoreRelatedLiving in a Violent Society in Gang for a Day: A Rogue Socialist Takes to the Street by Sadhir Venkatesh807 Words   |  4 Pagesneighbourhood in Chicago. It happens that he knocked on one of the roughest areas in Chicago on his first visiting where detained and nearly killed him. Fortunately, he didn’t have any injured, and instead, he knocked up an acquaintance with the gang leader J.T. This initiated his odd friend relationship with J.T for the following decade. Thro ugh this relationship and years spent in the Robert Taylor Housing Project he produced a fascinating piece of research into the lives of struggling working classRead MoreGang Violence During The 19th Century901 Words   |  4 Pages ¨Gang members have been responsible for 61 percent of all homicides [in Chicago] in 2011, up from 58.7 percent in 2010 ¨ (Hidden America). These are some of the few disturbing statistics about gang violence in Chicago; however, as many people do not know, gangs have not always been about drugs and violence. In the early 19th century, gangs are not what people perceive them to be today. Gangs in the 19th century were volunteers with the fire department back in the Antebellum Period, which is the periodRead MoreA Graduate Student At The University Of Chicago1688 Words   |  7 Pagesmissing and you go looking for it. This is what Sudhir Venkatesh goes through. As a rogue sociologist, Venkatesh struggled with changing a research project, getting infor mation from a gang, and the ethical issues that came with the research that he was conducting with African Americans that were part of said gang. By using the ethnography method, conducting interviews, and getting to know the people that were part of the gang, Venkatesh was able to have an advantage over other researchers that just didRead MoreGang Leader For A Day957 Words   |  4 Pagespeople were unemployed, compared to only 5.4% of unemployed white people (Street,2007). These statistics represent racial inequality which caused a lot of internal, and external damage to the black population. Rogue Sociologist, Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2008) novel called Gang Leader for a Day, reveals this disparity. In 1989 Sudhir participated in qualitative research, by studying the lives of people from the projects of Chicago. The projects are a subsidized housing development, provided by the governmentRead MoreGang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh1376 Words   |  6 Pagesunfamiliar wi th the black culture within Chicago. In his book Gang Leader for a Day, he tells of his sociology research within one of the roughest housing projects in Chicago. Sudhir starts his research by talking to a few elderly gentlemen he played chess with at the park. His conversation with them led him to the Robert Taylor Housing Projects which was described as one of the worst Ghettos in America. His research began the first day he arrived with his clipboard of questionnaires ready to askRead MoreEssay about Gang Leader for a Day1786 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book, Gang Leader for a Day, a rogue sociologist passionately dives into the lives of one of Chicago’s toughest housing projects in an attempt to develop an insight as to how the urban impoverished lived. Throughout the text it becomes clear that a conflict paradigm is being reflected. A conflict society is based on social inequality, in which some individuals benefit and thrive more than others, which tends to lead to conflict and thus change. This is evident both in the housing projectsRead MoreWilliam Bratton and the Nypd12122 Words   |  49 Pages corruption, and unresponsiveness, followed by concerted cleanup efforts. In New York City, in particular, the history of policing is also a history of reform. Founded in 1844, the NYPD quickly became entangled with the city’s vice industries and gangs. Officers were notorious for taking payoffs from gambling establishments and brothels, extorting legitimate businesses, and harassing immigrants. Every 20 years or so a corruption scandal would arise, and the city would respond by appointing a commissionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmore severe and widely distributed throughout societies across the globe than at any other time in human history. She traces the ways in which humanitarian impulses—which were often linked to pacifist movements and largely confined to visionary leaders, social thinkers, and small groups of activists in the 1890s—were institutionalized on a global basis by the establishment of the League of Nations and its subsidiary agencies in the aftermath of the catastrophic war that engulfed much of the worldRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages(A) – managing change in professional services. Xerox – difficulties with leadership at the global giant. UNHCR – managing change in a global not-for-profit organisation. Burtons (A,B,C) – three stages of a retailer’s development under different leaders. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus Introduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture Competitive strategy

Commercial Law Financial Intermediation

Question: Discuss about theCommercial Lawfor Financial Intermediation. Answer: Formation of Contract Issues: Whether there is enforceable formation of contract in terms of commercial law transactions for the sale of textbooks on Introduction to Business Law in Singapore together with the class notes, details of which was posted on the social networking site on 1 Nov 2014. In the given situation, Alan made the offer of sale through a social site, which included the information on products sale with the description on contents of books and notes, consideration amount and details of payment. Rules: According the regulations of commercial law of Singapore, chapter 8 on the Law of Contract, san agreement between the parties is legally effective if the same has been created by incorporating certain mandatory requirements. The regulations of contract as per per commercial law should include the following points: In order to form a contract legally binding on the parties, the contracting parties should be competent as per the capacity to the contract. The contract should include the clauses of offer and acceptance to enforce it legally. One party must be offering and the other party should accept the contract by agreeing the terms and conditions (Berger et al., 2016). One of the essential criteria of the contract is the disclosure of terms and conditions in the contract with respect to the length of the agreement, duration of the contract, consideration value, payment mode and description of products and services (Obloj Zemsky, 2015). Applications: The contract in the present case is said to be legally formed which was created by Alan through the social networking site by stating all the relevant information. The details of the contract included the description of books and notes offered along with the value of consideration on 1 November 2014 mentioning the payment date on 5 November 2014. As the offer accepted by the other parties on making the payment by the stated date as per the terms and conditions of the contract, it can be said the contract was legally formed (Bacache-Beauvallet, Bourreau Moreau, 2015). Further, the offer was accepted by Bernard, Charleen and Damien as per the terms stated in the Alans contract it can be said that all the three individuals are parties to the contract. Conclusion: Alan formed the contract in legal manner since it covers the relevant requirements with respect to details and consideration value. Additionally, the parties to the contract are Alan, Bernard, Charleen and Damien. Bernards Legal Position Issues: Whether Bernard can enforce any claim against the contract formed by Alan as per the contract law even if the terms and conditions of the contract have been performed completely. The given case covers the event of contract entered between Alan and Bernard on the date if 4 November 2014 for the exchange of book on Commercial Law and class notes against the consideration of $200.00. Bernard duly made the payment within the due date but later he got to know the information on the availability of the same book at the centre of education for free of charge. Rules: According to the rules on legal contract law, there must be clear and unambiguous intention to form the contract. It is also important to mention the complete information about the content of agreement by the party that offers along with the complete details on consideration value and its mode of payment (Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg?Moerman, 2016). Additionally, the rules on contract law states that the accepting party is required to conduct due diligence on the contracting subject and other relevant factors before its acceptance. However, it is also essential that the contract must contain the information free from errors and frauds that are meant to deceive the accepting party to the contract (Hoffman Ottersen, 2015). Application: The given case presents the contract offered by Alan for the sale of book and class notes against the consideration of around $200 through the medium of social site. In the agreement, Alan mentioned all the details on the content of the book of Commercial Law as well as provided the description of class notes along with the payment mode. It is further noted that the contract should be unambiguous and free from all the fraud and error description, which is essential for a valid agreement. However, disclosures of the details on the same subject with respect to the other factors are not mandatory to state in the agreement by the offering party. In the present case, contract by Alan was not mentioned the information on the free distribution of books by the education centre, which as per contract law rules, is not necessary. It is the responsibility of the accepting party to research thoroughly about the subject content (Lu, Zhang Pan, 2015). Hence, Bernard cannot claim agai nst the contract made by Alan on the grounds that the distribution of books for free from other source has not been made. However, in case it is proved by Bernard that the contract made by Alan was with the intention of fraud then Bernard can claim for the damages. Conclusion: On general grounds, Bernard can sue Alan at the court on the grounds of deceiving through the offer if the same can be proved. However, there are very less chances of favorable judgment because the information in contract did not contain any loopholes. Charleens Legal Position Issues: Whether Charleen can enforce any legal claim against the contract created by Alan in compliance with the commercial law regulations. In the present situation, Charleen entered in the contract with Alan on 7 November 2014 in order to buy the book for which she paid the payment. It has been observed that Charleen, a student of GCE at O level considered to be a minor party to the contract. Rules: As per the regulations of Contract Law and the provisions of common law under Minors Contract Act, contracts entered with minors are not enforceable if it has been made for the benefit of the contractual party. According to the regulations, contract entered with minors are governed separately in consideration with certain contracting elements. According to the section 2 of Minors Contract Act, contracts accepted by minors for certain transactions like acquisition of land or acquisition of shares are legally bound on the minors (Taylor et al., 2015). On the contrary, contract entered with respect to other matters are not legally enforceable on the minors except for the contract on partnership business. Applications: The present case covers the contract of Alan with Charleen who is a minor for the purpose of sale of books on Commercial Law against the payment of $200. The case does not cover the transaction of acquisition shares or acquisition of land or even a partnership business. Accordingly, it can be said that the contract on sale of books between Alan and Charleen does not fall in the category of transactions as per section 2. Moreover, if the contract entered with minors is covered under a guarantee with respect to the terms and conditions of the contract, the same will not be enforceable on the minors. However, it may bind the guarantors on the legal matters if the same is just and equitable to do so. In the present case, contract between Alan and Charleen does not involve any guarantor for the sale of book. Therefore, the contract between Alan and Charleen does not hold any legal position in compliance with the regulation of Minors Contract Act. Conclusions: Since the contract is entered with Minor for the sale of book on Commercial Law in exchange of $200, it can be said that the contract is not legally enforceable. Moreover, the contract also did not involve any guarantor, therefore it is still not bounded on Charleen. Damiens Legal Position Issues: To analyze whether Damien is eligible to sue Alan for the damages he suffered from the contract on exchange of book of Commercial Law. Damien entered the contract offered by Alan to buy Commercial Law book and class notes on 4 November to be paid in cash. Damein was a student of Kaplan Higher Education, discovered the availability of book in the centre for free of charge on 23 November 2014. Rules: According to the regulations under Contract Act of Business and Commercial Law, responsibility of the offering party is to disclose all the necessary facts for the subject to the contract. If the contract is created with the purpose of fraud, error or misleading the parties to the acceptance then such agreement would be considered as a breach of contract and the creator of the contract is liable to pay off the loss of damage (Deutsch, 2015). However, in order to claim the sum of damages, it is essential to prove the intentional misstatements in the contract subject on part of the offering party. Applications: In the present case, Damien and Alan entered into a contract for the sale of book on Commercial Law and class notes in exchange of $200. However, Damien found the availability of book at the centre for free of cost after he bought the book from Alan. It can be argued that the intention of Alan was to deceive the parties by selling the book at high price even when the same was available at other source for free. On the contrary, it is Damiens responsibility to consider thorough research on the availability of books by other means before accepting Alans offer. Accordingly, it can be said that the contention of Damien would not be tenable against Alan, unless the misleading intention of Alan is being proved before the court. Conclusions: It can be concluded that Damien has very less chance to get a favorable decision from the court against Alan. Since, the contract did not contain any misleading or fraud statements therefore claim of damages might not be tenable. Various Alternative Dispute Resolutions Alternative Dispute Resolution is a procedure to resolve the disputes or friction among the contracting parties in compliance with the contract law regulations. There are various types of dispute resolutions available that assists in resolving the issues between offering party and accepting party to the contract. Such resolutions are arbitration, mediation and neutral evaluation (Menkel-Meadow, 2015). Arbitration is a dispute resolution procedure, which requires both the disputing parties appoint their respective lawyers to solve the case in front of third party. The third party neutral to both the conflicting parties is required to consider the nature and level of conflicts in consideration with the rules of contract law. This third party known as arbitrator analyzes the dispute and applies the regulations to present the decision fair to both the parties. Mediation is a resolution process where a third party is appointed neutral to the conflicting parties. The mediator considers the case to negotiate and resolve the friction by favorable means for the creator of the contract and acceptor of the contract. Mediation resolution is conducted to focus on measuring the solution that influences the decision of either party. On the other hand, neutral evaluation is a procedure that is undertaken by third parties authorized to settle the dispute case. In this resolution process, disputed parties are required to the attend the trial session which is evaluated by considering the evidences and regulations (Hoffman Ottersen, 2015). There are several advantages and disadvantages attached to the dispute resolutions among the contracting parties. In case of mediation resolution, the key advantage is maintenance of privacy and safeguards the contracting party relationships. Another benefit with this resolution is that the resolution is faster and the communication is clear between the parties (Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg?Moerman, 2016). However, the disadvantage in the mediation resolution is the diversion of opinion after the decision provided by the mediator. The advantage in the process of arbitration is the accuracy and compliance of legal regulations while placing the decision on the case. On the contrary, disadvantage is that the party may not accept the decision since it is binding by following the arguments of respective lawyers (Lampe Ellis, 2015). Reference List Bacache-Beauvallet, M., Bourreau, M., Moreau, F. (2015). Piracy and creation: the case of the music industry.European Journal of Law and Economics,39(2), 245-262. Berger, A. N., Bouwman, C. H., Kick, T., Schaeck, K. (2016). Bank liquidity creation following regulatory interventions and capital support.Journal of Financial Intermediation,26, 115-141. Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V., Wittenberg?Moerman, R. (2016). Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), 397-435. Deutsch, M. (2015). Educating for a peaceful world. InMorton Deutsch: Major Texts on Peace Psychology(pp. 89-103). Springer International Publishing. Hoffman, S. J., Ottersen, T. (2015). Addressing antibiotic resistance requires robust international accountability mechanisms.The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics,43(S3), 53-64. Lampe, M., Ellis, S. R. (2015). Resolving Small Business Disputes Through Mediation.Journal of Small Business Strategy,6(2), 85-96. Lu, W., Zhang, L., Pan, J. (2015). Identification and analyses of hidden transaction costs in project dispute resolutions.International journal of project management,33(3), 711-718. Menkel-Meadow, C. (2015). Alternative and Appropriate Dispute Resolution in Context Formal, Informal, and Semiformal Legal Processes.Chapter,50, 1-28. Obloj, T., Zemsky, P. (2015). Value creation and value capture under moral hazard: Exploring the micro?foundations of buyersupplier relationships.Strategic Management Journal,36(8), 1146-1163. Taylor, M., Harper, S., Jurecko, L., Melowsky, J., Towler, C. (2015). The Resource Center for Separating and Divorcing Families: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on A Collaborative and Child?Focused Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution.Family Court Review,53(1), 7-22.

The Concept of Marketing and Marketing Process

Questions: Discuss the concept of marketing. 1. Process2. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning3. Extended Marketing Mix4. Marketing mix in Different Context Answers: 1.0 Process It ordinarily includes recognizing the reasonable and potential showcasing open doors in the earth, creating procedures to powerfully use the opportunities, developing suitable advertising methods, and administering the execution of these promoting endeavors. Marketing methodology includes ways that esteem can be made for the clients to fulfill their needs. Advertising procedure is a constant arrangement of activities and responses between the clients and the associations that are making the endeavor make esteem for and fulfill needs of clients. In showcasing process the circumstance is investigated to distinguish opportunities, the method is figured for a worthy suggestion, strategic choices are taken, the arrangement is actualized, and results are observed (Chacour Ulaga, 2015). 1.2 Steps in Marketing Process Under the promoting idea, the firm must figure out how to find unfulfilled client needs and convey to market items that fulfill those needs. The methodology of doing as such can be displayed in a succession of steps. Taking after are the strides included in the Marketing Process:- 1. Circumstance Analysis Investigation of circumstance in which the association discovers itself serves as the premise for distinguishing chances to fulfill unfulfilled client needs. Situational and natural investigation is done to recognize the advertising open doors, to comprehend firms own abilities, and to comprehend the earth in which the firm is working. 2. Advertising Strategy In the wake of recognizing the promoting open doors, a key arrangement is created to seek after the recognized open doors. 3. Advertising Mix Decisions At this stride nitty gritty strategic choices are made for the controllable parameters of the promoting blend. It incorporates - item advancement choices, item estimating choices, item appropriation choices, and item special choices. 4. Execution and Control At last, the promoting arrangement is actualized, and the aftereffects of advertising endeavors are checked to confirm the showcasing blend as per the business sector changes. 1.3 Market-Oriented Approach The methodology implies a business responds to what clients need. The choices taken are based on data about clients' requirements and needs, as opposed to what the business believes is ideal for the client. Best organizations take a business orientated methodology. Advantages Reacting to Demand A business situated way to deal with your little business responds to what your clients need. It takes out the speculating and gauging connected with endeavoring to anticipate item patterns and purchase requests for products. At the point when your clients let you know what they need to purchase, you know you're continually giving an item a prepared supply of purchasers who will make buys. It permits you to streamline your item advancement group and bring down your creation expenses to dispose of items for which shopper request or business need doesn't exist. Building Customer Value Building client esteem through a business sector arranged the way to deal with your little business permits you to expand reliability to your image and create rehash clients. Brand dedication alone is a particular preference in the business on the grounds that it adds to a client base impervious to endeavors from contenders to pull in business through more lucrative offers, including briefly lower costs and initial motivations. At the point when clients feel that you as an entrepreneur are pricing client requests for excellent and esteem most importantly else, they will remunerate your little business with rehash deals and bigger sales (Wu et al., 2015). Broad and Expensive Research To adequately execute a business sector introduction for your little business, you must put resources into broad advertising exploration. It is important to gauge customer needs in the business and create items to match those needs. Leading this examination requires significant investment and may oblige you to contract a private advertising firm to manage the undertaking. The expenses of contracting a private showcasing firm can be extravagant, contingent upon the profundity of exploration needed to focus the needs of clients in your neighborhood commercial center. Expanding Value Increases Cost Expanding quality for your client base additionally expands the creation expenses of your merchandise and administrations. Case in point, deciding to offer item guarantees as a reaction to customer interest obliges you to either have a current support staff close by to make repairs or contract an outside organization to handle all guarantee qualified up-keep. It can raise your expenses to a level where its no more beneficial for you as a little entrepreneur to proceed with a business sector arranged methodology. Your little business could go under even as its ended up being an accomplishment in the business (Thanopoulos, 2015, 2.0 Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning 2.1 Micro and Macro Environment affecting Marketing 2.1.1 Micro Environment Factors The suppliers: Suppliers can control the accomplishment of the business when they hold the force. The supplier holds the force when they are the main or the biggest supplier of their products; the purchaser is not imperative to the supplier's business; the supplier's item is a centerpiece of the purchaser's done item and/or business (Armstrong et al., 2014). The affiliates: If the item the association produces is taken to market by 3rd gathering affiliates or business sector delegates, for example, retailers, wholesalers, and so forth then the showcasing achievement is affected by those 3rd gathering affiliates. Case in point, if a retail dealer is a trustworthy name then this notoriety can be utilized in the promoting of the item (Chon, 2015, The clients: Who the clients are (B2B or B2C, nearby or global, and so on.) and their explanations behind purchasing the item will assume a huge part by the way you approach the advertising of your items and administrations to them. The opposition: Those who offer same or comparative items and administrations as your association are your business sector rivalry, and the way they offer needs to be considered (Vorhies Rao, 2015). The overall population: Your association has an obligation to fulfill people in general. Any activities of your organization must be considered from the point of the overall population and how they are influenced. The general population has the ability to help you achieve your objectives; pretty much as they can likewise keep you from attaining to them (Vorhies Rao, 2015). 2.1.2 Macro Environment Factors Demographic forces: Different business fragments are ordinarily affected by basic demographic strengths, including nation/area; age; ethnicity; instruction level; family unit way of life; social attributes and developments (Chon, 2015, Monetary components: The financial environment can affect both the association's creation and the buyer's choice making methodology. Characteristic/physical forces: The Earth's reestablishment of its common assets, for example, timberlands, rural items, marine items, and so on must be considered. There are additionally the characteristic non-renewable assets, for example, oil, coal, minerals, and so forth that may likewise affect the association's generation. Innovative variables: The abilities and learning connected to the generation, and the innovation and materials required for the creation of items and administrations can likewise affect the smooth running of the business and must be considered. Political and lawful forces: Sound promoting choices ought to dependably consider political and legitimate improvements are identifying with the association and its businesses. Social and social forces: The effect the items and administrations your associations conveys to market have on s ociety must be considered. Any components of the creation process or any items/benefits that are destructive to society ought to be wiped out to demonstrate your association is assuming social liability. A late case of this is the earth and what number of segments are being compelled to audit their items and administrations keeping in mind the end goal to wind up all the more naturally well disposed. Smaller scale and full-scale situations have a critical effect on the accomplishment of advertising battles, and accordingly the elements of these situations ought to be considered inside and out amid the choice making the methodology of a vital advertiser. Considering these variables will enhance the accomplishment of your associations promoting crusade and the notoriety of the brand in the long haul (Chon, 2015, Segmentation The psychographic division includes gathering individuals as far as their disposition, qualities, and ways of life. Besides, amid the procedure of picking business sector division, the similarity and practicality need to taken record in into as well. Advertisers must choose how well an organization's item fits the business division or not. To settle on the choice, an advertiser must consider a few criteria. To start with, it is the item makes the worth for target clients or not. Second, it is important to figure out if adjustment is obliged or not (Achrol Kotler, 2014). H M thoroughly distinguish the actuality of the uniqueness of assorted expending Groups in the M society. HM has attempt to make a "shabby style" dress brand situating that originate from the social polarization and purchasers evolving propensity. HM easily utilize the changing unrestrained design highlight and quality equality with the focus on the overall population. In the meantime, HM seek after to accomplish the viability that offer of "design" as a McDonald's ground sirloin sandwich deals show however welcoming the popular originators to join the union of HM, support model, restricted release, and different techniques. It successfully upgrades its high-class brand picture and makes another blue future for HM in the design business. In addition, alternate viewpoints show game changers also, for example, OEM, concentrating on logistics, abbreviate item cycle promoting to attain to a speedy deal value, touchy business reflection because of far-reaching database framework etc. (Ch on, 2015, Targeting With the target business sector of the 15-35 years of age popular gathering however without the obtaining force of top brand, HM adjust the concentrated worldwide promoting technique to give items and administration to fulfill both the physical and mental needs of target gathering. Then, because of the substantial compass just about 20years of the target market, HM additionally apply the separated worldwide showcasing among their target specialty in view of individual normal for their age. In a word, the focusing on business sector methods of HM has a tendency to have a blend focusing on methodologies (Rosenbloom et al, 2014). With customer tastes change speedier and quicker, HM continentally upgrade the configuration keeping in mind the end goal to take care of client demand. HM take the techniques that not make the pattern, but rather dispatch of the attire style precisely and rapidly in the wake of distinguishing the rising patterns to the best thoughts the quickest land for its own particular purposes. Outline Department and Procurement Department of H M normally has started Planning the stylish pattern and items a year prior. The expert architects of HM will go to in every world's real Fashion Week in spring and summer. Just after three weeks, the center gathering which has a craving of style and quality can buy the hot style dress in HM (Chon, 2015. Positioning It alludes to the demonstration of finding a brand in client's brains over and against rivals as far as qualities and advantages that the brand does and does not offer (Keegan W. J and Green M, C, 1997). Situating is the procedure of creating methods for the psyche of target clients. Advertisers use various general situating methodologies, which incorporate situating by property or advantage, quality and value, utilization or client and contender. Out of sight of globalization, H M can embrace the business sector enhancement positioning procedure in different zones of business to successfully adjust one another. Rely on upon addition pieces of the pie from the expanding developing markets can expand hazard, as of late H M show an extension bearing that purposely however starting another business normal year to spread the business locale. With the conspicuous society contrast among in various nations, Global shopper society situating assumes a huge part of the accomplishment of HM ( Weinstein Pohlman, 2015). 3.0 Extended Marketing Mix 3.1 HM S Creation of Product Competitive Advantage HM is taking after all the most recent advancements in the garments fabricating. It is vital to expanding proficiency, cut expenses and keep costs low while raising quality. In the technological administration for HM is to lower support costs by 15% and reduction squander by 10% to the year 2015. The four non-specific procedures are expense initiative, separation, ease of slender business sector methodology and specialty technique. HM has fetched administration procedure. HM offers stylish apparel at shabby costs offering to expansive markets. This system is additionally extremely suitable for the current efficient circumstance. HM with this technique additionally set high passage obstructions for the contenders (Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 3.2 HMs Distribution Strategy HM is both the shopper and retailer, and we settle on watchful decisions in regards to each vehicle interface in the inventory network from the processing plant to store. Effective streams and expense awareness at each stage is urgent to our prosperity. These components guarantee that the right merchandise wind up in the right amount for every store and at the best cost for clients. Most of the shipments from the suppliers' processing plants goes specifically to logistic focuses in our business sectors, which bolster stores in their geographic region autonomously of national fringes. Further, stores don't have gone down stocks, however are renewed as needed from the appropriation focus (Chitty et al., 2015). 3.4 Pricing Strategy (HM) intends to offer its items at sensible costs and utilize shrewdly planned space to show their things in an offer to win a spot in Indonesia's very focused business sector. The HM idea rotated around "style and quality at the best cost. Costs are reasonable so that individuals from diverse social strata can purchase (Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 3.5 Promotional Strategy In order to advance the organization and its item, the organization will utilize feature ads, print ads and the idea of e-promoting. These advancement and correspondence procedure will have a tendency to meet the customers structure better places all over, particularly those target markets or the purchasers in the working spot (Chitty et al., 2015). Additionally, since the pattern in the commercial center today is the use of e-promoting, the organization will give a site that any customer can get. The utilization of the Internet is evolving cutting edge showcasing overnight while distinctive commercial enterprises have been attempting to utilize it as a major aspect of their advertising system. It doesn't just reconfigured the way distinctive firms work together and the way the purchasers purchase merchandise and administrations yet it likewise get to be instrumental in changing the quality anchor from producers to retailers to buyers, making another retail circulation channel(Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 4.0 Marketing mix in Different Context 4.1 Difference Between Marketing of product and Marketing Services Marketing product manages the "7 P's" of showcasing, which are the item, valuing, spot, advancement, physical environment, process and individuals. Item showcasing, instead of item administration, manages more outbound advertising or client confronting errands (in the more established feeling of the expression). An item market is something that is alluded to when pitching another item to the overall population. Item showcase definition concentrates on a limited explanation: the item sort, client needs (practical needs), client sort, and geographic region (Chacour Ulaga, 2015). Service Marketing s a sub-field of showcasing, which can be part of the two primary ranges of products promoting (which incorporates the advertising of quick moving customer merchandise (FMCG) and durables) and administrations promoting. Administrations showcasing commonly alludes to both business to the buyer (B2C) and business to business (B2B) administrations, and incorporates promoting of administrations. Administrations are (normally) immaterial financial exercises offered by one gathering to another (Priluck,2015, 4.2 International Marketing and Domestic Marketing International Marketing Worldwide promoting intends to offer one's products or administrations around the world. Most organizations start showcasing their products or administrations inside their nation, and extend to the worldwide business sector to catch the more prominent piece of the pie and open up new streets for deals (Thanopoulos, 2015, Domestic Marketing Household advertising means offering inside one's own nation. Commonly, this is the first range where organizations try to market their merchandise or administrations. Since the business, client needs, tastes, topography, demographics, and dissemination routines are likely commonplace, it's regularly the least demanding spot for organizations to dispatch an item. The four P's of promoting - item, value, spot and advancement - are regularly simpler for organizations to focus on the local business (Thanopoulos, 2015). References Achrol, R. S., Kotler, P. (2014). The service-dominant logic for marketing. The service dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions, 320. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Brennan, R., Canning, L., McDowell, R. (2014). Business-to-business Marketing. Sage. Chacour, S., Ulaga, W. (2015). Customer Value Audit in International Business Markets: A Strategic Marketing Tool. In Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 505-506). Springer International Publishing. Chacour, S., Ulaga, W. (2015). Customer Value Audit in International Business Markets: A Strategic Marketing Tool. In Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 505-506). Springer International Publishing. Chitty, B., Luck, E., Barker, N., Valos, M., Shimp, T. A. (2015). Integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd.. Chon, K. S. (2015, January). Traveler destination image modification process and its marketing implications. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 480-482). Springer International Publishing. Priluck, R. (2015, January). Relationship Marketing: Loyalty in the Face of Product Failure and Blame--Abstract. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 87-87). Springer International Publishing. Rosenbloom, B., MKTG, L. G., Lecture Guide, D., Knowles, L. L. (2014). Marketing channels. MARKETING. Thanopoulos, J. (2015, January). The International Marketing Course in the AACSB Schools*. In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 470-470). Springer International Publishing. Vorhies, D. W., Rao, C. P. (2015). Development of a Multi-Attribute Scale for Assessing Marketing Effectiveness. In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 329-329). Springer International Publishing. Weinstein, A., Pohlman, R. A. (2015). Customer value: a new paradigm for marketing management. In Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 132-133). Springer International Publishing. Wu, J., Wen, N., Dou, W., Chen, J. (2015). Exploring the effectiveness of consumer creativity in online marketing communications. European Journal of Marketing, 49(1/2).